Question 1

What term refers to any change in a subject's behaviour caused by the awareness of being studied?

Accepted Answer

A)  invalid response 
B)  unreliable response 
C)  the Stanford effect 
D)  the Hawthorne effect 
A)  invalid response 
B)  unreliable response 
C)  the Stanford effect 
D)  the Hawthorne effect

Question 2

With regard to the process of measurement, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  For measurement to be reliable, it must be valid. 
B)  For measurement to be valid, it must be reliable. 
C)  All measurement is both reliable and valid. 
D)  Consistency does not guarantee validity. 
A)  For measurement to be reliable, it must be valid. 
B)  For measurement to be valid, it must be reliable. 
C)  All measurement is both reliable and valid. 
D)  Consistency does not guarantee validity.

Question 3

A researcher doing participant observation may "break in" to a setting more easily with the help of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  key informant. 
B)  research assistant. 
C)  bigger budget. 
D)  official declaration from a scholarly authority. 
A)  key informant. 
B)  research assistant. 
C)  bigger budget. 
D)  official declaration from a scholarly authority.

Question 4

Interpretive sociology focuses less on action itself and more on the meaning people attach to their actions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

In the process of measurement, reliability refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  whether you are really measuring what you want to measure. 
B)  how dependable the researcher is. 
C)  whether or not everyone agrees with the study's results. 
D)  whether repeating the measurement yields consistent results. 
A)  whether you are really measuring what you want to measure. 
B)  how dependable the researcher is. 
C)  whether or not everyone agrees with the study's results. 
D)  whether repeating the measurement yields consistent results.

Question 6

Natural scientists often have an easier time than social scientists in identifying cause-and-effect relationships.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

In making judgments about how society should be improved, the ________ approach in sociology rejects Max Weber's goal that researchers be value-free.

Accepted Answer

A)  interpretive 
B)  critical 
C)  scientific 
D)  positivist 
A)  interpretive 
B)  critical 
C)  scientific 
D)  positivist

Question 8

In making judgments about how society should be improved, the ________ approach in sociology rejects Max Weber's goal that researchers be value-free.

Accepted Answer

A)  interpretive 
B)  critical 
C)  scientific 
D)  positivist 
A)  interpretive 
B)  critical 
C)  scientific 
D)  positivist

Question 9

You are doing research and you never stop to think about the possible importance of gender at all. Your work could be criticized for the problem called

Accepted Answer

A)  androcentricity. 
B)  overgeneralization. 
C)  gender blindness. 
D)  employing double standards. 
A)  androcentricity. 
B)  overgeneralization. 
C)  gender blindness. 
D)  employing double standards.

Question 10

Imagine that you were going to measure the age of a number of respondents taking part in a survey. As you record the data, you are using the concept "age" as

Accepted Answer

A)  a theory. 
B)  a hypothesis. 
C)  a variable. 
D)  an axiom. 
A)  a theory. 
B)  a hypothesis. 
C)  a variable. 
D)  an axiom.

Question 11

The variable that causes change in another variable is called the "dependent variable."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Causality is always determined mathematically.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

A false correlation between two variables, caused by some third variable, is described as a "spurious" correlation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

What are the essential differences between scientific sociology, interpretive sociology, and critical sociology?

Accepted Answer

Scientific sociology, interpretive socio

Question 15

In a questionnaire, asking respondents to identify their income level from a number of possible categories represents which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  a closed-ended format 
B)  an open-ended format 
C)  a self-administered format 
D)  a qualitative survey. 
A)  a closed-ended format 
B)  an open-ended format 
C)  a self-administered format 
D)  a qualitative survey.

Question 16

A survey is a research method in which subjects respond to a series of items or questions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

William Foote Whyte's study of Cornerville (Street Corner Society) showed that

Accepted Answer

A)  Cornerville was a liberal community with many Harvard students. 
B)  Cornerville was a chaotic and very dangerous slum. 
C)  Cornerville was a complex community that did not fit simple stereotypes. 
D)  a Harvard sociologist was unable to work in a low-income community. 
A)  Cornerville was a liberal community with many Harvard students. 
B)  Cornerville was a chaotic and very dangerous slum. 
C)  Cornerville was a complex community that did not fit simple stereotypes. 
D)  a Harvard sociologist was unable to work in a low-income community.

Question 18

Quick Quiz:
-A positivist approach assumes that reality exists "out there."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The sociologist who called on his colleagues to be value-free was

Accepted Answer

A)  Karl Marx. 
B)  Emile Durkheim. 
C)  Herbert Spencer. 
D)  Max Weber. 
A)  Karl Marx. 
B)  Emile Durkheim. 
C)  Herbert Spencer. 
D)  Max Weber.

Question 20

Once you have identified a topic for your research, what should you do next?

Accepted Answer

A)  choose a method of research 
B)  review the literature on the same topic 
C)  assess your financial needs 
D)  collect data 
A)  choose a method of research 
B)  review the literature on the same topic 
C)  assess your financial needs 
D)  collect data

Exam 2: Sociological Investigation

What term refers to any change in a subject's behaviour caused by the awareness of being studied?

With regard to the process of measurement, which of the following statements is true?

A researcher doing participant observation may "break in" to a setting more easily with the help of a(n)

Interpretive sociology focuses less on action itself and more on the meaning people attach to their actions.

In the process of measurement, reliability refers to

Natural scientists often have an easier time than social scientists in identifying cause-and-effect relationships.

In making judgments about how society should be improved, the ________ approach in sociology rejects Max Weber's goal that researchers be value-free.

In making judgments about how society should be improved, the ________ approach in sociology rejects Max Weber's goal that researchers be value-free.

You are doing research and you never stop to think about the possible importance of gender at all. Your work could be criticized for the problem called

Imagine that you were going to measure the age of a number of respondents taking part in a survey. As you record the data, you are using the concept "age" as

The variable that causes change in another variable is called the "dependent variable."

Causality is always determined mathematically.

A false correlation between two variables, caused by some third variable, is described as a "spurious" correlation.

What are the essential differences between scientific sociology, interpretive sociology, and critical sociology?

In a questionnaire, asking respondents to identify their income level from a number of possible categories represents which of the following?

A survey is a research method in which subjects respond to a series of items or questions.

William Foote Whyte's study of Cornerville (Street Corner Society) showed that

Quick Quiz: -A positivist approach assumes that reality exists "out there."

The sociologist who called on his colleagues to be value-free was

Once you have identified a topic for your research, what should you do next?

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