Exam 8: The Organization of Knowledge in the Mind

What are scripts?

In the parallel distributed processing model proposed by McClelland and Rumelhart,knowledge is represented by

Describe what semantic and repetition priming mean.Then,based on the priming research,state at least two ways by which you can increase your recall of information when studying for an exam.Be specific and be sure to state the relationship between the research and your proposed study strategies.

__________ are a set of components,each of which is an essential element of a given concept,and which together compose the properties that uniquely define the concept.

A __________ refers to an idea or a thought about something.

Explain ACT-R and how it represents declarative and nondeclarative knowledge.

In the parallel distributed processing model proposed by McClelland and Rumelhart,the more often a particular connection is activated,the

A dog could be described as being a mammal that barks and has four legs,two ears,a tail,and a slightly elongated snout.Jenny's neighbor has a "dog" that has lost a leg and his tail.According to theory-based views of categorization,Jenny is most likely to classify the neighbor's pet as

According to Anderson (1980),knowledge representation of procedural skills occurs in three of the following four stages.Identify the exception.

Classical concepts are to _____ as Fuzzy concepts are to _____.

In the brain,at any one given time,a given neuron may assume each of the following activities,except one.Identify the exception.

According to Schank and Abelson (1977),a __________ is "a structure that describes appropriate sequences of events in a particular context [and] is made up of slots and requirements about what can fill the slots." It does not handle totally novel situations.

According to Anderson,temporal strings contain information about __________ information.

__________ refer(s)to the use of multiple approaches and techniques to come together in addressing a problem or in responding to a question.

Timmy,a 4-year-old,has learned that to stay warm in the winter cold,one must wear lots of clothes.He learned this after several trials of going outside under clothed and coming into the house uncomfortably cold.This type of knowledge is referred to as __________ knowledge.

List and then define the various types of categories.Explain the similarities and differences between them.

This notion for categorization is that the _____ contain(s)those defining features that must be present in order to be considered part of that category.

Imagine that as part of your college courses,you have been assigned to write a computer program in a way that simulates human information processing of procedural knowledge.Explain what procedural knowledge is.Then outline the information processing involved in any one task involving procedural knowledge.

One of the most influential books in the field of cognitive science during the 1980s was __________'s The Modularity of Mind,which presented the argument for extreme domain-specificity.

The connectionist model is "loosely" based on the functioning of the human brain.First explain the similarities between the connectionist model and the brain.Second,expand on the connectionist model and explain what other features could reasonably be added to this model to make it function more like the human brain.