Exam 8: The Organization of Knowledge in the Mind

A "connectionist" model is another way to refer to a(n)

Whereas a __________ feature is possessed by every instance of a concept,a __________ feature need not be.

A __________ refers to an element representing a concept within a semantic network.

If one were thinking about a model based on spreading activation what would be some of the things that one would have to do/know in order to implement such a model?

A concept's basic level of specificity is the one that has the __________ number of distinctive properties.

__________ refers to the facilitation of information retrieval,as a result of prior stimulation or activation of related information (or even of the same information).

Instead of natural and artifact categories,explain the consequence if all categories were ad hoc categories.What would be the social,economic,and political consequences?

The term modularity refers to the

Sarah has come to associate the smell of freshly baked apple pie with her grandmother,such that the mere smell of pie reminds her of her grandmother instantaneously.This type of knowledge is referred to as __________ knowledge.

Define prototype theory,characteristics features,and exemplars.Explain how each concept is similar to and different from the others.

According to the Varying Abstraction Model (VAM),prototypes and exemplars are simply two extremes on a continuum of abstraction with exemplars nearer the ______ end of the spectrum and prototypes nearer the ______ end of the spectrum.

Information can economically be represented in a hierarchical model when items lower in the hierarchy are assumed to have the properties of items higher in the hierarchy.This concept is called

_____ refers to a specialized vocabulary that a particular group uses (e.g. ,physicians).Individuals not part of the group may find it difficult to understand the information.

Explain how one could develop a new skill and take advantage of the three stages for the representation of procedural skills.Explain if there are any positives or negatives for thinking of skill development using these stages.

According to Anderson (1980),while we are in the __________ stage for learning how to drive a standard-shift car,we must carefully practice following each rule for stepping on the clutch,gas,or brake pedal,while also trying to shift gears.

What are the main features of connectionist models?

__________ refers to a model of information processing that integrates a network representation for declarative knowledge and a production-system representation for procedural knowledge.

__________ are thoughts or ideas (or words)that can be described more aptly by using defining features than by using characteristics features.

Right outside of Mr.Jones's second-grade classroom there is a construction crew.When the construction began,Mr.Jones found that the children were easily distracted by the noise.Now that the construction has been going on for months,the children pay no attention to the noises.This type of knowledge,associated with no longer paying attention to outside noises,is referred to as

In the parallel distributed processing model proposed by McClelland and Rumelhart,the network comprises