Question 1

Sex-linked genes are usually found on the Y chromosome.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

If some of the axons innervating a given cell are destroyed or if they become inactive, what compensatory process takes place in the remaining presynaptic cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Activation of previously silent synapses 
B)  Removal of toxins 
C)  Denervation supersensitivity 
D)  Collateral sprouting 
A)  Activation of previously silent synapses 
B)  Removal of toxins 
C)  Denervation supersensitivity 
D)  Collateral sprouting

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the process by which developing axons find their general target areas?

Accepted Answer

A)  Completely random growth 
B)  Shape attraction 
C)  Electrical attraction 
D)  Chemical attraction 
A)  Completely random growth 
B)  Shape attraction 
C)  Electrical attraction 
D)  Chemical attraction

Question 4

The areas of the cortex used by expert video game players are most likely to ____ than the same cortical areas of those who do not play video games.

Accepted Answer

A)  be thicker 
B)  have smaller, but a greater number of neurons 
C)  have faster action potentials 
D)  be more resistant to transcortical stimulation 
A)  be thicker 
B)  have smaller, but a greater number of neurons 
C)  have faster action potentials 
D)  be more resistant to transcortical stimulation

Question 5

Why is it that all neurons in a healthy adult brain have made appropriate connections?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chemical messages from our muscles tell our brain how many neurons to form. 
B)  If an axon does not make the appropriate connections by a certain age, it dies. 
C)  We are born with all connections formed. 
D)  Connections form rapidly, but we learn to use whatever connections have formed. 
A)  Chemical messages from our muscles tell our brain how many neurons to form. 
B)  If an axon does not make the appropriate connections by a certain age, it dies. 
C)  We are born with all connections formed. 
D)  Connections form rapidly, but we learn to use whatever connections have formed.

Question 6

The ability of the brain to change its anatomy over time, within limits, is known as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  plasticity 
B)  regression 
C)  connectivity 
D)  long term potentiation 
A)  plasticity 
B)  regression 
C)  connectivity 
D)  long term potentiation

Question 7

An example of a sex-linked trait is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  green eye color 
B)  red-green color vision deficiency 
C)  temperament 
D)  intelligence 
A)  green eye color 
B)  red-green color vision deficiency 
C)  temperament 
D)  intelligence

Question 8

After maturity, the apoptotic mechanisms become ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperactive 
B)  extinct 
C)  dormant 
D)  very complex 
A)  hyperactive 
B)  extinct 
C)  dormant 
D)  very complex

Question 9

What is signaled by nerve growth factor (NGF)?

Accepted Answer

A)  That a target cell has "accepted" an axon 
B)  Which target cell a growing axon should connect with 
C)  That axons should elongate as the body grows bigger 
D)  The need for new neurons to form in brain areas that are lacking in neurons 
A)  That a target cell has "accepted" an axon 
B)  Which target cell a growing axon should connect with 
C)  That axons should elongate as the body grows bigger 
D)  The need for new neurons to form in brain areas that are lacking in neurons

Question 10

____ steer new axonal branches and synapses in the right direction.

Accepted Answer

A)  Chemokines 
B)  Immunoglobulin 
C)  Glia 
D)  Neurotrophins 
A)  Chemokines 
B)  Immunoglobulin 
C)  Glia 
D)  Neurotrophins

Question 11

What is one impediment to the regeneration of axons in the mammalian central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inhibitory chemicals secreted by the damaged portion of the axon 
B)  Bacterial infections caused by the decaying tissue 
C)  Glia releasing chemicals that inhibit axon growth 
D)  Inhibitory messages sent from the cell nucleus when an axon is damaged 
A)  Inhibitory chemicals secreted by the damaged portion of the axon 
B)  Bacterial infections caused by the decaying tissue 
C)  Glia releasing chemicals that inhibit axon growth 
D)  Inhibitory messages sent from the cell nucleus when an axon is damaged

Question 12

Which action best illustrates altruistic behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bullying other kids in the lunch line 
B)  Spreading rumors about your boss 
C)  Picking up your room 
D)  Helping an elderly person across the street 
A)  Bullying other kids in the lunch line 
B)  Spreading rumors about your boss 
C)  Picking up your room 
D)  Helping an elderly person across the street

Question 13

The mechanism of fetal alcohol syndrome probably relates to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  overexcited neurons 
B)  apoptosis 
C)  decreases apoptosis 
D)  necrosis 
A)  overexcited neurons 
B)  apoptosis 
C)  decreases apoptosis 
D)  necrosis

Question 14

A continuing sensation of an amputated body part is called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  phantom limb 
B)  ghost limb 
C)  neuralgia 
D)  tingling limb 
A)  phantom limb 
B)  ghost limb 
C)  neuralgia 
D)  tingling limb

Question 15

One way to relieve the pain associated with a phantom limb is to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  remove more of the amputated limb 
B)  have the amputee learn to use an artificial limb 
C)  stimulate the relevant part of the cortex 
D)  convince the patient that there is no neural basis for these sensations 
A)  remove more of the amputated limb 
B)  have the amputee learn to use an artificial limb 
C)  stimulate the relevant part of the cortex 
D)  convince the patient that there is no neural basis for these sensations

Question 16

Which of the following are selective as axons form synapses with target cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Axons, but not target cells 
B)  Target cells, but not axons 
C)  Both axons and target cells 
D)  Neither axons nor target cells 
A)  Axons, but not target cells 
B)  Target cells, but not axons 
C)  Both axons and target cells 
D)  Neither axons nor target cells

Question 17

Enzymes serve as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic templates 
B)  physiological markers of chemical reactions in the body 
C)  biological catalysts that regulate chemical reactions in the body 
D)  catalysts for the synthesis of protein molecules 
A)  genetic templates 
B)  physiological markers of chemical reactions in the body 
C)  biological catalysts that regulate chemical reactions in the body 
D)  catalysts for the synthesis of protein molecules

Question 18

Lola had a stroke several days ago. At this point, which treatment would be most likely to her?

Accepted Answer

A)  Injecting a drug to block dopamine 
B)  Administering tranquilizers 
C)  Extensive bed rest 
D)  Giving stimulant drugs combined with physical therapy 
A)  Injecting a drug to block dopamine 
B)  Administering tranquilizers 
C)  Extensive bed rest 
D)  Giving stimulant drugs combined with physical therapy

Question 19

What is the effect of the level of enrichment in an environment on the nervous system? Back up your answer by discussing one of the research studies mentioned in the text.

Accepted Answer

The level of enrichment in an environmen

Question 20

Which statement is true with respect to evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  "If you don't use it, you lose it." 
B)  Evolutionary success is assessed by the number of one's offspring surviving to reproduce. 
C)  Evolution benefits the species, in the long run. 
D)  Evolution benefits the individual. 
A)  "If you don't use it, you lose it." 
B)  Evolutionary success is assessed by the number of one's offspring surviving to reproduce. 
C)  Evolution benefits the species, in the long run. 
D)  Evolution benefits the individual.

Sex-linked genes are usually found on the Y chromosome.

If some of the axons innervating a given cell are destroyed or if they become inactive, what compensatory process takes place in the remaining presynaptic cells?

Which of the following best describes the process by which developing axons find their general target areas?

The areas of the cortex used by expert video game players are most likely to ____ than the same cortical areas of those who do not play video games.

Why is it that all neurons in a healthy adult brain have made appropriate connections?

The ability of the brain to change its anatomy over time, within limits, is known as ____.

An example of a sex-linked trait is ____.

After maturity, the apoptotic mechanisms become ____.

What is signaled by nerve growth factor (NGF)?

____ steer new axonal branches and synapses in the right direction.

What is one impediment to the regeneration of axons in the mammalian central nervous system?

Which action best illustrates altruistic behavior?

The mechanism of fetal alcohol syndrome probably relates to ____.

A continuing sensation of an amputated body part is called ____.

One way to relieve the pain associated with a phantom limb is to ____.

Which of the following are selective as axons form synapses with target cells?

Enzymes serve as ____.

Lola had a stroke several days ago. At this point, which treatment would be most likely to her?

What is the effect of the level of enrichment in an environment on the nervous system? Back up your answer by discussing one of the research studies mentioned in the text.

Which statement is true with respect to evolution?

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy and Research Methods

Vision

Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

Learning, Memory, and Intelligence

Cognitive Functions

Psychological Disorders

Filters

Exam 4: Genetics, Evolution, Development, and Plasticity

Sex-linked genes are usually found on the Y chromosome.

If some of the axons innervating a given cell are destroyed or if they become inactive, what compensatory process takes place in the remaining presynaptic cells?

Which of the following best describes the process by which developing axons find their general target areas?

The areas of the cortex used by expert video game players are most likely to ____ than the same cortical areas of those who do not play video games.

Why is it that all neurons in a healthy adult brain have made appropriate connections?

The ability of the brain to change its anatomy over time, within limits, is known as ____.

An example of a sex-linked trait is ____.

After maturity, the apoptotic mechanisms become ____.

What is signaled by nerve growth factor (NGF)?

____ steer new axonal branches and synapses in the right direction.

What is one impediment to the regeneration of axons in the mammalian central nervous system?

Which action best illustrates altruistic behavior?

The mechanism of fetal alcohol syndrome probably relates to ____.

A continuing sensation of an amputated body part is called ____.

One way to relieve the pain associated with a phantom limb is to ____.

Which of the following are selective as axons form synapses with target cells?

Enzymes serve as ____.

Lola had a stroke several days ago. At this point, which treatment would be most likely to her?

What is the effect of the level of enrichment in an environment on the nervous system? Back up your answer by discussing one of the research studies mentioned in the text.

Which statement is true with respect to evolution?

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy and Research Methods

Vision

Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

Learning, Memory, and Intelligence

Cognitive Functions

Psychological Disorders

Filters