Question 1

Describe the trichromatic, opponent-process, and retinex theories of color vision.

Accepted Answer

Trichromatic: We have three different kinds of cones, each maximally sensitive to different wavelengths of light (corresponding to colors that we see as red, green, and blue). Opponent process: Bipolar cells are excited or inhibited by each member of a pair of complementary colors (yellow-blue, red-green, white-black). Retinex: The cortex compares information from various parts of the retina to determine brightness and color perception for each area.

Question 2

Clement has the most common form of color vision deficiency and has trouble distinguishing ____ from _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  blue; yellow 
B)  green; blue 
C)  red; green 
D)  red; blue 
A)  blue; yellow 
B)  green; blue 
C)  red; green 
D)  red; blue C

Question 3

____ modify the ____ sensitivity to different wavelengths of light.

Accepted Answer

A)  Retinol; photopigments 
B)  Opsins; retinol 
C)  Photopigments; opsins 
D)  Opsins; photopigments 
A)  Retinol; photopigments 
B)  Opsins; retinol 
C)  Photopigments; opsins 
D)  Opsins; photopigments D

Question 4

Light has entered Joelle's eyes. After being detected by the photoreceptors, the information will be passed on to _____ cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  retina cells 
B)  bipolar cells 
C)  ganglion cells 
D)  spiny cells 
A)  retina cells 
B)  bipolar cells 
C)  ganglion cells 
D)  spiny cells

Question 5

Describe the functional and anatomic differences between rods and cones.

Accepted Answer

Rods, abundant in the periphery of the h

Question 6

Stereoscopic depth perception requires the brain to detect ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  amblyopia 
B)  retinal disparity 
C)  strabismus 
D)  contrasting imagery 
A)  amblyopia 
B)  retinal disparity 
C)  strabismus 
D)  contrasting imagery

Question 7

Parker consciously experiences "seeing" something when the information reaches _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the LGN 
B)  the retina 
C)  V2 
D)  V1 
A)  the LGN 
B)  the retina 
C)  V2 
D)  V1

Question 8

What is the shape of the receptive field to which a simple cell in the primary visual cortex responds?

Accepted Answer

A)  Circle of a particular radius 
B)  Circle with a hole in the middle 
C)  Bar in a particular orientation 
D)  Bar of a particular length 
A)  Circle of a particular radius 
B)  Circle with a hole in the middle 
C)  Bar in a particular orientation 
D)  Bar of a particular length

Question 9

Cells in the magnocellular path are color insensitive, therefore _____ is also color insensitive.

Accepted Answer

A)  MT 
B)  fusiform gyrus 
C)  V4 
D)  V1 
A)  MT 
B)  fusiform gyrus 
C)  V4 
D)  V1

Question 10

Although he has been blind since birth, Alden can experience _____, which is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  blindsight; enhanced sensory systems compensating for his blindness 
B)  agnosia; enhanced sensory systems compensating for his blindness 
C)  agnosia; the ability to subconsciously experience vision 
D)  blindsight; the ability to respond in limited ways to visual information without perceiving it consciously 
A)  blindsight; enhanced sensory systems compensating for his blindness 
B)  agnosia; enhanced sensory systems compensating for his blindness 
C)  agnosia; the ability to subconsciously experience vision 
D)  blindsight; the ability to respond in limited ways to visual information without perceiving it consciously

Question 11

Yolanda has suffered damage to her middle temporal cortex. Will this disrupt her vision and, if so, how?

Accepted Answer

The middle temporal cortex (MT) is neede

Question 12

The visual path in the parietal cortex is referred to as the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ventral stream 
B)  dorsal stream 
C)  parvocellular pathway 
D)  magnocellular pathway 
A)  ventral stream 
B)  dorsal stream 
C)  parvocellular pathway 
D)  magnocellular pathway

Question 13

When cells in the middle temporal cortex respond to visual stimuli, their response depends mostly on the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  speed and direction of movement 
B)  exact shape of the object 
C)  color and brightness of the object 
D)  exact location of the object in visual space 
A)  speed and direction of movement 
B)  exact shape of the object 
C)  color and brightness of the object 
D)  exact location of the object in visual space

Question 14

Why do humans perceive faint light better in the periphery of the eye?

Accepted Answer

A)  Receptors in the periphery are closer to the pupil. 
B)  The fovea is closer to the retina's blind spot than peripheral receptors. 
C)  More receptors in the periphery than in the fovea funnel input to each ganglion cell. 
D)  Ganglion cells in the periphery transmit their information to a larger brain area. 
A)  Receptors in the periphery are closer to the pupil. 
B)  The fovea is closer to the retina's blind spot than peripheral receptors. 
C)  More receptors in the periphery than in the fovea funnel input to each ganglion cell. 
D)  Ganglion cells in the periphery transmit their information to a larger brain area.

Question 15

The point in space from which light strikes the receptor is called the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus field 
B)  convergence field 
C)  receptive field 
D)  bipolar area 
A)  stimulus field 
B)  convergence field 
C)  receptive field 
D)  bipolar area

Question 16

The optic nerves from the right and left eye initially meet at the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  optic chiasm 
B)  lateral geniculate nucleus 
C)  hypothalamus 
D)  cerebral cortex 
A)  optic chiasm 
B)  lateral geniculate nucleus 
C)  hypothalamus 
D)  cerebral cortex

Question 17

Describe the difference between parvocellular and magnocellular neurons and pathways.

Accepted Answer

The parvocellular neurons, with small ce

Question 18

Cecelia doesn't fall going down stairs because she can clearly see the edge of each step as a result of lateral inhibition.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Lynn was developing film in a room with red light. When she came out of the room, everything looked a little green for a while. Which theory explains why this is happening to her?

Accepted Answer

A)  Young-Helmholtz theory 
B)  Trichromatic theory 
C)  Opponent-process theory 
D)  Color-constancy theory 
A)  Young-Helmholtz theory 
B)  Trichromatic theory 
C)  Opponent-process theory 
D)  Color-constancy theory

Question 20

Cortical neurons in the visual cortex of a kitten or a cat will lose the ability to respond to stimuli in one eye if the eye is sutured shut for ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the first week after birth 
B)  the first month of life 
C)  any two month period in adult life 
D)  the third and fourth months of life 
A)  the first week after birth 
B)  the first month of life 
C)  any two month period in adult life 
D)  the third and fourth months of life

Describe the trichromatic, opponent-process, and retinex theories of color vision.

Clement has the most common form of color vision deficiency and has trouble distinguishing from _.

modify the sensitivity to different wavelengths of light.

Light has entered Joelle's eyes. After being detected by the photoreceptors, the information will be passed on to _____ cells.

Describe the functional and anatomic differences between rods and cones.

Stereoscopic depth perception requires the brain to detect ____.

Parker consciously experiences "seeing" something when the information reaches _____.

What is the shape of the receptive field to which a simple cell in the primary visual cortex responds?

Cells in the magnocellular path are color insensitive, therefore _____ is also color insensitive.

Although he has been blind since birth, Alden can experience _, which is __.

Yolanda has suffered damage to her middle temporal cortex. Will this disrupt her vision and, if so, how?

The visual path in the parietal cortex is referred to as the ____.

When cells in the middle temporal cortex respond to visual stimuli, their response depends mostly on the ____.

Why do humans perceive faint light better in the periphery of the eye?

The point in space from which light strikes the receptor is called the ____.

The optic nerves from the right and left eye initially meet at the ____.

Describe the difference between parvocellular and magnocellular neurons and pathways.

Cecelia doesn't fall going down stairs because she can clearly see the edge of each step as a result of lateral inhibition.

Lynn was developing film in a room with red light. When she came out of the room, everything looked a little green for a while. Which theory explains why this is happening to her?

Cortical neurons in the visual cortex of a kitten or a cat will lose the ability to respond to stimuli in one eye if the eye is sutured shut for ____.

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy and Research Methods

Genetics, Evolution, Development, and Plasticity

Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

Learning, Memory, and Intelligence

Cognitive Functions

Psychological Disorders

Filters

Exam 5: Vision

Describe the trichromatic, opponent-process, and retinex theories of color vision.

Clement has the most common form of color vision deficiency and has trouble distinguishing ____ from _____.

____ modify the ____ sensitivity to different wavelengths of light.

Light has entered Joelle's eyes. After being detected by the photoreceptors, the information will be passed on to _____ cells.

Describe the functional and anatomic differences between rods and cones.

Stereoscopic depth perception requires the brain to detect ____.

Parker consciously experiences "seeing" something when the information reaches _____.

What is the shape of the receptive field to which a simple cell in the primary visual cortex responds?

Cells in the magnocellular path are color insensitive, therefore _____ is also color insensitive.

Although he has been blind since birth, Alden can experience _____, which is ______.

Yolanda has suffered damage to her middle temporal cortex. Will this disrupt her vision and, if so, how?

The visual path in the parietal cortex is referred to as the ____.

When cells in the middle temporal cortex respond to visual stimuli, their response depends mostly on the ____.

Why do humans perceive faint light better in the periphery of the eye?

The point in space from which light strikes the receptor is called the ____.

The optic nerves from the right and left eye initially meet at the ____.

Describe the difference between parvocellular and magnocellular neurons and pathways.

Cecelia doesn't fall going down stairs because she can clearly see the edge of each step as a result of lateral inhibition.

Lynn was developing film in a room with red light. When she came out of the room, everything looked a little green for a while. Which theory explains why this is happening to her?

Cortical neurons in the visual cortex of a kitten or a cat will lose the ability to respond to stimuli in one eye if the eye is sutured shut for ____.

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy and Research Methods

Genetics, Evolution, Development, and Plasticity

Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

Learning, Memory, and Intelligence

Cognitive Functions

Psychological Disorders

Filters

Clement has the most common form of color vision deficiency and has trouble distinguishing from _.

modify the sensitivity to different wavelengths of light.

Although he has been blind since birth, Alden can experience _, which is __.