Question 1

Why is it that every axon in an adult mammal has a target cell (muscle cell or other neuron) with which it makes synaptic contact?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each target cell causes the growth of a neuron and its axon. 
B)  After formation, axons release a chemical that causes a target cell to form. 
C)  Axons that fail to find a target cell die. 
D)  An axon will make contact with any kind of cell and adjust its function as necessary. 
A)  Each target cell causes the growth of a neuron and its axon. 
B)  After formation, axons release a chemical that causes a target cell to form. 
C)  Axons that fail to find a target cell die. 
D)  An axon will make contact with any kind of cell and adjust its function as necessary.

Question 2

____ cells proliferate after a stroke.

Accepted Answer

A)  Penumbra 
B)  Microglia 
C)  Ischemia 
D)  Cancer 
A)  Penumbra 
B)  Microglia 
C)  Ischemia 
D)  Cancer

Question 3

An axon that does not receive enough neurotrophins from a target cell will ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  branch out and form other synapses on other cells 
B)  manufacture its own neurotrophins 
C)  degenerate and die 
D)  fail to reabsorb transmitters that have already been released 
A)  branch out and form other synapses on other cells 
B)  manufacture its own neurotrophins 
C)  degenerate and die 
D)  fail to reabsorb transmitters that have already been released

Question 4

Units of heredity that maintain their structural identity from one generation to another are known as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  enzymes 
B)  mutations 
C)  nucleic acids 
D)  genes 
A)  enzymes 
B)  mutations 
C)  nucleic acids 
D)  genes

Question 5

The field of epigenetics deals with how ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  reproductive fitness can be altered 
B)  spontaneous mutations occur 
C)  genes determine behavior 
D)  experiences can turn genes on or off 
A)  reproductive fitness can be altered 
B)  spontaneous mutations occur 
C)  genes determine behavior 
D)  experiences can turn genes on or off

Question 6

If most of the axons that transmit dopamine to some brain area die or become inactive, the remaining dopamine synapses become ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  less responsive 
B)  less easily stimulated 
C)  more resistant 
D)  more responsive 
A)  less responsive 
B)  less easily stimulated 
C)  more resistant 
D)  more responsive

Question 7

How is brain development related to adolescent impulsivity?

Accepted Answer

Adolescents are widely regarded as impul

Question 8

What is the process called when a primitive neuron begins to develop dendrites and an axon?

Accepted Answer

A)  Differentiation 
B)  Migration 
C)  Myelination 
D)  Proliferation 
A)  Differentiation 
B)  Migration 
C)  Myelination 
D)  Proliferation

Question 9

Closed head injury results in damage partially because of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  increased production of myelin 
B)  excessive deficit of neurotrophins 
C)  rotational forces that push the brain against the inside of the skull 
D)  infection 
A)  increased production of myelin 
B)  excessive deficit of neurotrophins 
C)  rotational forces that push the brain against the inside of the skull 
D)  infection

Question 10

The fluid-filled cavity within the neural tube becomes the central canal of the spinal cord and the four ventricles of the brain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following represents Lamarckian evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Survival of the fittest" 
B)  "Reproduction of the fittest" 
C)  "If you don't use it, you lose it" 
D)  "Look out for number one" 
A)  "Survival of the fittest" 
B)  "Reproduction of the fittest" 
C)  "If you don't use it, you lose it" 
D)  "Look out for number one"

Question 12

Migration requires ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a precise chemical environment 
B)  cells which are myelinated 
C)  mature neurons 
D)  neurons with fully developed dendrites 
A)  a precise chemical environment 
B)  cells which are myelinated 
C)  mature neurons 
D)  neurons with fully developed dendrites

Question 13

Closed head injury is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the most common cause of brain damage in young adults 
B)  usually fatal 
C)  the most common cause of Korsakoff's syndrome 
D)  related to Alzheimer's disease 
A)  the most common cause of brain damage in young adults 
B)  usually fatal 
C)  the most common cause of Korsakoff's syndrome 
D)  related to Alzheimer's disease

Question 14

Describe Lamarckian evolution and the evidence for or against it.

Accepted Answer

You may have heard people say something

Question 15

Diaschisis refers to the decreased activity of surviving neurons after damage to other neurons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

In development, neurotrophins ____. During adulthood, they ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  preserve neurons; produce apoptosis 
B)  produce apoptosis; increase neuronal branching 
C)  facilitate differentiation; facilitate migration 
D)  preserve neurons; increase neuronal branching 
A)  preserve neurons; produce apoptosis 
B)  produce apoptosis; increase neuronal branching 
C)  facilitate differentiation; facilitate migration 
D)  preserve neurons; increase neuronal branching

Question 17

Diaschisis refers to the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  increase in activity of neurons surrounding a damaged area 
B)  decreased activity of surviving neurons after other neurons are damaged 
C)  increased activity in the cerebral cortex after damage to any part of the brain 
D)  increased activity in the hypothalamus after damage to any part of the brain 
A)  increase in activity of neurons surrounding a damaged area 
B)  decreased activity of surviving neurons after other neurons are damaged 
C)  increased activity in the cerebral cortex after damage to any part of the brain 
D)  increased activity in the hypothalamus after damage to any part of the brain

Question 18

Recent evidence suggests that adult vertebrate brains generate new neurons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Individuals afflicted with PKU need to avoid ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  foods high in phenylalanine 
B)  foods high in vitamin K 
C)  alcohol 
D)  sunlight 
A)  foods high in phenylalanine 
B)  foods high in vitamin K 
C)  alcohol 
D)  sunlight

Question 20

After cells have differentiated as neurons or glia, they migrate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Why is it that every axon in an adult mammal has a target cell (muscle cell or other neuron) with which it makes synaptic contact?

____ cells proliferate after a stroke.

An axon that does not receive enough neurotrophins from a target cell will ____.

Units of heredity that maintain their structural identity from one generation to another are known as ____.

The field of epigenetics deals with how ____.

If most of the axons that transmit dopamine to some brain area die or become inactive, the remaining dopamine synapses become ____.

How is brain development related to adolescent impulsivity?

What is the process called when a primitive neuron begins to develop dendrites and an axon?

Closed head injury results in damage partially because of ____.

The fluid-filled cavity within the neural tube becomes the central canal of the spinal cord and the four ventricles of the brain.

Which of the following represents Lamarckian evolution?

Migration requires ____.

Closed head injury is ____.

Describe Lamarckian evolution and the evidence for or against it.

Diaschisis refers to the decreased activity of surviving neurons after damage to other neurons.

In development, neurotrophins . During adulthood, they .

Diaschisis refers to the ____.

Recent evidence suggests that adult vertebrate brains generate new neurons.

Individuals afflicted with PKU need to avoid ____.

After cells have differentiated as neurons or glia, they migrate.

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy and Research Methods

Vision

Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

Learning, Memory, and Intelligence

Cognitive Functions

Psychological Disorders

Filters

Exam 4: Genetics, Evolution, Development, and Plasticity

Why is it that every axon in an adult mammal has a target cell (muscle cell or other neuron) with which it makes synaptic contact?

____ cells proliferate after a stroke.

An axon that does not receive enough neurotrophins from a target cell will ____.

Units of heredity that maintain their structural identity from one generation to another are known as ____.

The field of epigenetics deals with how ____.

If most of the axons that transmit dopamine to some brain area die or become inactive, the remaining dopamine synapses become ____.

How is brain development related to adolescent impulsivity?

What is the process called when a primitive neuron begins to develop dendrites and an axon?

Closed head injury results in damage partially because of ____.

The fluid-filled cavity within the neural tube becomes the central canal of the spinal cord and the four ventricles of the brain.

Which of the following represents Lamarckian evolution?

Migration requires ____.

Closed head injury is ____.

Describe Lamarckian evolution and the evidence for or against it.

Diaschisis refers to the decreased activity of surviving neurons after damage to other neurons.

In development, neurotrophins ____. During adulthood, they ____.

Diaschisis refers to the ____.

Recent evidence suggests that adult vertebrate brains generate new neurons.

Individuals afflicted with PKU need to avoid ____.

After cells have differentiated as neurons or glia, they migrate.

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy and Research Methods

Vision

Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

Learning, Memory, and Intelligence

Cognitive Functions

Psychological Disorders

Filters

In development, neurotrophins . During adulthood, they .