Question 1

Raylene is studying for an exam on neurotransmission. She wrote in her notes that one difference between ionotropic and metabotropic effects is that _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  metabotropic effects are quicker and briefer 
B)  ionotropic effects are slower and briefer 
C)  ionotropic effects are quicker and longer lasting 
D)  metabotropic effects are slower and longer lasting 
A)  metabotropic effects are quicker and briefer 
B)  ionotropic effects are slower and briefer 
C)  ionotropic effects are quicker and longer lasting 
D)  metabotropic effects are slower and longer lasting

Question 2

Dr. Andrus studies reflexes and has demonstrated that a certain reflex doesn't occur if there is a single stimulus. He found that there needs to be _______ (several, rapidly produced stimuli) for the reflex to occur.

Accepted Answer

A)  IPSPs 
B)  synaptic delay 
C)  temporal summation 
D)  spatial summation 
A)  IPSPs 
B)  synaptic delay 
C)  temporal summation 
D)  spatial summation

Question 3

Professor Wick is teaching about neurotransmitter release and told his class that each neuron releases one kind of hormone.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Inhibitory synapses actively suppress excitatory responses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The effect of a neurotransmitter on a postsynaptic neuron is determined by the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  speed the action potential traveled down the axon 
B)  number of branches of the presynaptic axon 
C)  receptors on the postsynaptic membrane 
D)  distance between the synapse and the cell body 
A)  speed the action potential traveled down the axon 
B)  number of branches of the presynaptic axon 
C)  receptors on the postsynaptic membrane 
D)  distance between the synapse and the cell body

Question 6

Metabotropic synapses use a large variety of transmitters.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Lita has just eaten a lot of soy, which contains tryptophan. What should she try to consume less of to potentially increase tryptophan's entry to the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phenylalanine 
B)  Glucose 
C)  Insulin 
D)  Thiamine 
A)  Phenylalanine 
B)  Glucose 
C)  Insulin 
D)  Thiamine

Question 8

Latoya is working in the lab to generate an EPSP, which is a ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  graded depolarization 
B)  graded hyperpolarization 
C)  reflex 
D)  specialized hormone 
A)  graded depolarization 
B)  graded hyperpolarization 
C)  reflex 
D)  specialized hormone

Question 9

On the basis of what evidence were the properties of synapses first inferred?

Accepted Answer

A)  The electron microscope 
B)  Single-neuron recordings 
C)  Behavioral observations 
D)  PET scans 
A)  The electron microscope 
B)  Single-neuron recordings 
C)  Behavioral observations 
D)  PET scans

Question 10

Depolarization is to ____ as hyperpolarization is to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  excitation; inhibition 
B)  inhibition; excitation 
C)  increasing the threshold; decreasing the threshold 
D)  decreasing the threshold; increasing the threshold 
A)  excitation; inhibition 
B)  inhibition; excitation 
C)  increasing the threshold; decreasing the threshold 
D)  decreasing the threshold; increasing the threshold

Question 11

Leeann is studying for a test on neurotransmission. She wrote in her notes that neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron when the action potential reaches the terminal and opens ______ channels.

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium 
B)  potassium 
C)  chloride 
D)  calcium 
A)  sodium 
B)  potassium 
C)  chloride 
D)  calcium

Question 12

The "spontaneous firing rate" of a neuron refers to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  its resting potential 
B)  its rate of energy consumption 
C)  its rate of producing action potentials even when it is not stimulated 
D)  the velocity of its action potentials under normal conditions 
A)  its resting potential 
B)  its rate of energy consumption 
C)  its rate of producing action potentials even when it is not stimulated 
D)  the velocity of its action potentials under normal conditions

Question 13

Discuss how Dr. Loewi was able to determine that communication between neurons involved a chemical messenger.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Loewi performed an experiment where

Question 14

"Second messengers" carry their messages to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the presynaptic membrane 
B)  areas within the postsynaptic cell 
C)  areas within the presynaptic cell 
D)  the surrounding glia 
A)  the presynaptic membrane 
B)  areas within the postsynaptic cell 
C)  areas within the presynaptic cell 
D)  the surrounding glia

Question 15

Ionotropic effects ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  depolarize the postsynaptic membrane 
B)  hyperpolarize the postsynaptic membrane 
C)  may depolarize or hyperpolarize the postsynaptic membrane 
D)  enhance the reabsorption of neurotransmitters 
A)  depolarize the postsynaptic membrane 
B)  hyperpolarize the postsynaptic membrane 
C)  may depolarize or hyperpolarize the postsynaptic membrane 
D)  enhance the reabsorption of neurotransmitters

Question 16

When a vertebrate animal contracts the flexor muscles of a leg, it relaxes the extensor muscles of the same leg. Sherrington considered this evidence for the existence of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  spatial summation 
B)  temporal summation 
C)  inhibitory messages 
D)  the delay in transmission at synapses 
A)  spatial summation 
B)  temporal summation 
C)  inhibitory messages 
D)  the delay in transmission at synapses

Question 17

In addition to influencing other neurons, ____ increases blood flow to a specific area of the brain.

Accepted Answer

A)  endorphins 
B)  glycine 
C)  nitric oxide 
D)  acetylcholine 
A)  endorphins 
B)  glycine 
C)  nitric oxide 
D)  acetylcholine

Question 18

The research that firmly established synaptic communication as chemical was ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Elliot's adrenaline mimicking sympathetic activation 
B)  Loewi's transfer of fluid from stimulated frog hearts 
C)  Sherrington's study of reflexes 
D)  Eccles's measurement of IPSPs 
A)  Elliot's adrenaline mimicking sympathetic activation 
B)  Loewi's transfer of fluid from stimulated frog hearts 
C)  Sherrington's study of reflexes 
D)  Eccles's measurement of IPSPs

Question 19

A neuron excretes neurotransmitters through its membrane by a process called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  reuptake 
B)  exocytosis 
C)  endocytosis 
D)  synaptic diffusion 
A)  reuptake 
B)  exocytosis 
C)  endocytosis 
D)  synaptic diffusion

Question 20

A hormone is a chemical that is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  secreted by a gland to the outside world 
B)  conveyed by the blood to other organs, whose activity it influences 
C)  capable of activating or inhibiting muscle fibers 
D)  a feedback message from the postsynaptic neuron to the presynaptic neuron 
A)  secreted by a gland to the outside world 
B)  conveyed by the blood to other organs, whose activity it influences 
C)  capable of activating or inhibiting muscle fibers 
D)  a feedback message from the postsynaptic neuron to the presynaptic neuron

Raylene is studying for an exam on neurotransmission. She wrote in her notes that one difference between ionotropic and metabotropic effects is that _____.

Dr. Andrus studies reflexes and has demonstrated that a certain reflex doesn't occur if there is a single stimulus. He found that there needs to be _______ (several, rapidly produced stimuli) for the reflex to occur.

Professor Wick is teaching about neurotransmitter release and told his class that each neuron releases one kind of hormone.

Inhibitory synapses actively suppress excitatory responses.

The effect of a neurotransmitter on a postsynaptic neuron is determined by the ____.

Metabotropic synapses use a large variety of transmitters.

Lita has just eaten a lot of soy, which contains tryptophan. What should she try to consume less of to potentially increase tryptophan's entry to the brain?

Latoya is working in the lab to generate an EPSP, which is a ______.

On the basis of what evidence were the properties of synapses first inferred?

Depolarization is to as hyperpolarization is to .

Leeann is studying for a test on neurotransmission. She wrote in her notes that neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron when the action potential reaches the terminal and opens ______ channels.

The "spontaneous firing rate" of a neuron refers to ____.

Discuss how Dr. Loewi was able to determine that communication between neurons involved a chemical messenger.

"Second messengers" carry their messages to ____.

Ionotropic effects ____.

When a vertebrate animal contracts the flexor muscles of a leg, it relaxes the extensor muscles of the same leg. Sherrington considered this evidence for the existence of ____.

In addition to influencing other neurons, ____ increases blood flow to a specific area of the brain.

The research that firmly established synaptic communication as chemical was ____.

A neuron excretes neurotransmitters through its membrane by a process called ____.

A hormone is a chemical that is ____.

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Anatomy and Research Methods

Genetics, Evolution, Development, and Plasticity

Vision

Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

Learning, Memory, and Intelligence

Cognitive Functions

Psychological Disorders

Filters

Exam 2: Synapses

Raylene is studying for an exam on neurotransmission. She wrote in her notes that one difference between ionotropic and metabotropic effects is that _____.

Dr. Andrus studies reflexes and has demonstrated that a certain reflex doesn't occur if there is a single stimulus. He found that there needs to be _______ (several, rapidly produced stimuli) for the reflex to occur.

Professor Wick is teaching about neurotransmitter release and told his class that each neuron releases one kind of hormone.

Inhibitory synapses actively suppress excitatory responses.

The effect of a neurotransmitter on a postsynaptic neuron is determined by the ____.

Metabotropic synapses use a large variety of transmitters.

Lita has just eaten a lot of soy, which contains tryptophan. What should she try to consume less of to potentially increase tryptophan's entry to the brain?

Latoya is working in the lab to generate an EPSP, which is a ______.

On the basis of what evidence were the properties of synapses first inferred?

Depolarization is to ____ as hyperpolarization is to ____.

Leeann is studying for a test on neurotransmission. She wrote in her notes that neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron when the action potential reaches the terminal and opens ______ channels.

The "spontaneous firing rate" of a neuron refers to ____.

Discuss how Dr. Loewi was able to determine that communication between neurons involved a chemical messenger.

"Second messengers" carry their messages to ____.

Ionotropic effects ____.

When a vertebrate animal contracts the flexor muscles of a leg, it relaxes the extensor muscles of the same leg. Sherrington considered this evidence for the existence of ____.

In addition to influencing other neurons, ____ increases blood flow to a specific area of the brain.

The research that firmly established synaptic communication as chemical was ____.

A neuron excretes neurotransmitters through its membrane by a process called ____.

A hormone is a chemical that is ____.

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Anatomy and Research Methods

Genetics, Evolution, Development, and Plasticity

Vision

Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

Learning, Memory, and Intelligence

Cognitive Functions

Psychological Disorders

Filters

Depolarization is to as hyperpolarization is to .