Question 1

Tom enjoys swimming in ice cold water.Because relatively few people like this same behavior,you are likely to make a(n)__________ attribution.

Accepted Answer

A)  internal 
B)  external 
C)  situational 
D)  evaluative 
A)  internal 
B)  external 
C)  situational 
D)  evaluative

Question 2

You told your mother that you hate horror films and would not be going to the new one that is showing at the mall.However,when you get home from the mall,your mother asks you what movie you saw.You tell her that you went with your several friends to the movie "Axe-Murderer's Holiday Bash," and it was "pretty good." Your change in attitude was most likely due to

Accepted Answer

A)  the mass media. 
B)  coincidence. 
C)  chance conditioning. 
D)  group membership. 
A)  the mass media. 
B)  coincidence. 
C)  chance conditioning. 
D)  group membership.

Question 3

Your high school is considering the use of school uniforms.You originally thought that the idea had merit.However,your crowd at school is organizing a protest of this "violation to personal freedom" and want you to participate.When your parents hear that you were part of the cafeteria protest,they are a bit surprised by your change in attitude.Your new attitude was acquired through

Accepted Answer

A)  direct contact. 
B)  symbolic prejudice. 
C)  chance conditioning. 
D)  group membership. 
A)  direct contact. 
B)  symbolic prejudice. 
C)  chance conditioning. 
D)  group membership.

Question 4

The attitudes of students in Theodore Newcomb's famous Bennington College study were highly influenced by

Accepted Answer

A)  physical proximity. 
B)  direct contact. 
C)  the need for consistency. 
D)  reference group membership. 
A)  physical proximity. 
B)  direct contact. 
C)  the need for consistency. 
D)  reference group membership.

Question 5

Janie is asked to freely express her attitudes toward the question: "What do you think about legalizing gambling in this state?" Janie's attitude toward gambling becoming legalized in her state is being assessed using

Accepted Answer

A)  an attitude scale. 
B)  the reference rating approach. 
C)  an open-ended interview. 
D)  the social acceptance scale. 
A)  an attitude scale. 
B)  the reference rating approach. 
C)  an open-ended interview. 
D)  the social acceptance scale.

Question 6

A cause of behavior that is assumed to lie within the person,such as personality is termed a(n)__________ cause.

Accepted Answer

A)  experiential 
B)  internal 
C)  inferential 
D)  emotional 
A)  experiential 
B)  internal 
C)  inferential 
D)  emotional

Question 7

The physician who ignores the pleadings of a hypochondriacal patient for medication is attributing the expression of symptoms to the

Accepted Answer

A)  object. 
B)  actor. 
C)  setting. 
D)  proxemics. 
A)  object. 
B)  actor. 
C)  setting. 
D)  proxemics.

Question 8

You are walking along a street when a man bumps into you.You think,"What a jerk!" until you realize that he actually bumped into you while catching a sidewalk display that was about to fall on your head.You sheepishly thank him for saving you and realize that by initially thinking that he was a "jerk," you were illustrating

Accepted Answer

A)  social biasing. 
B)  the fundamental attribution error. 
C)  cognitive dissonance. 
D)  perceptual discrimination. 
A)  social biasing. 
B)  the fundamental attribution error. 
C)  cognitive dissonance. 
D)  perceptual discrimination.

Question 9

Ava and Rebecca just received their psychology tests back,and both made a 65 on the test.Later,Ava found out her best friend made a 95 on the test,while Rebecca found out her best friend made a 98.After noting her friend's score,Ava decides that she is "just plain dumb," while Rebecca,after seeing her friend's test score,decides that she will increase her study time and use the course supplementary site to improve her test scores.Comparing their scores to their friends' scores resulted in Ava feeling "bad" and Rebecca being motivated to improve due to their __________ comparisons.

Accepted Answer

A)  unilateral 
B)  upward 
C)  downward 
D)  bilateral 
A)  unilateral 
B)  upward 
C)  downward 
D)  bilateral

Question 10

You chose your major because of all the opportunities available in the health field,while your roommate chose a degree in finance because he tends to be "greedy and money-hungry." In attributing cause to your behavior of choosing a major and that of your roommate,you have exhibited

Accepted Answer

A)  the low-ball technique. 
B)  social stereotyping. 
C)  attributional discrimination. 
D)  the actor-observer bias. 
A)  the low-ball technique. 
B)  social stereotyping. 
C)  attributional discrimination. 
D)  the actor-observer bias.

Question 11

The position one occupies within the structure of a group defines one's

Accepted Answer

A)  competence. 
B)  personal control. 
C)  social role. 
D)  degree of affiliation. 
A)  competence. 
B)  personal control. 
C)  social role. 
D)  degree of affiliation.

Question 12

Felisia finishes her psychology test and goes outside and joins a group of students who are discussing the test.Felisia asks the group,"Didn't you think those last four questions were hard? Did the teacher go over that material?" The other students agree with Felisia that the questions were extremely difficult thus giving Felisia an idea of how her opinion "stacks" up to the opinions of others.This illustrates Felisia's use of

Accepted Answer

A)  social exchange. 
B)  group cohesiveness. 
C)  cognitive dissonance. 
D)  social comparison. 
A)  social exchange. 
B)  group cohesiveness. 
C)  cognitive dissonance. 
D)  social comparison.

Question 13

You and your friend have a fight and say very hurtful "things" to each other.In judging your own behavior,you say to yourself,"I was justified in saying those things to her because she betrayed me." In judging how your friend acted during the fight,you say "She had no right to say those things to me.She is a liar and an ungrateful person." In your interpretation of your own behavior,you are the actor assigning a(n)__________ cause.

Accepted Answer

A)  internal 
B)  external 
C)  cognitive 
D)  emotional 
A)  internal 
B)  external 
C)  cognitive 
D)  emotional

Question 14

Regarding objects,people,places,and events,attitudes summarize your __________ of them.

Accepted Answer

A)  rejection 
B)  acceptance 
C)  evaluation 
D)  appreciation 
A)  rejection 
B)  acceptance 
C)  evaluation 
D)  appreciation

Question 15

Your friend Amy raves about the new "pickle" ice cream being served at the ice cream parlor downtown.One day that same week,you stop in the ice cream parlor to get your usual vanilla cone,and you ask about their new "pickle" ice cream.The lady behind the counter wrinkles up her nose and tells you that they have discontinued that flavor.You think to yourself

Accepted Answer

A)  "The ice cream parlor did not give the pickle ice cream a fair chance to become a favorite flavor." 
B)  "Only Amy and a few other people with unusual food tastes were buying the pickle ice cream." 
C)  "People should be more open-minded to new flavors." 
D)  "Pickle ice cream probably costs too much money, making it too expensive for most people to buy." 
A)  "The ice cream parlor did not give the pickle ice cream a fair chance to become a favorite flavor." 
B)  "Only Amy and a few other people with unusual food tastes were buying the pickle ice cream." 
C)  "People should be more open-minded to new flavors." 
D)  "Pickle ice cream probably costs too much money, making it too expensive for most people to buy."

Question 16

The are different sets of behaviors and expectations associated with your being a mother,a boss,or a student.These are examples of which of the following within your life?

Accepted Answer

A)  social roles 
B)  cultural identities 
C)  social stereotypes 
D)  status groups 
A)  social roles 
B)  cultural identities 
C)  social stereotypes 
D)  status groups

Question 17

When it is announced that a tennis star received $500,000 for endorsing a particular brand of tennis rackets,the public is likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  ignore the money and treat the endorsement as genuine. 
B)  discount the endorsement as motivated by the money. 
C)  be even more convinced of the value of the product because they know how much money is involved. 
D)  not be influenced by either the money involved or the person making the endorsement. 
A)  ignore the money and treat the endorsement as genuine. 
B)  discount the endorsement as motivated by the money. 
C)  be even more convinced of the value of the product because they know how much money is involved. 
D)  not be influenced by either the money involved or the person making the endorsement.

Question 18

Although Margo thought the singer did a good job,she did not think the performance rated a standing ovation.Nevertheless,she stood up when her friends did.Margo stood up due to

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive dissonance. 
B)  conviction. 
C)  the expectation of how others would evaluate her. 
D)  the long-term consequences of her actions. 
A)  cognitive dissonance. 
B)  conviction. 
C)  the expectation of how others would evaluate her. 
D)  the long-term consequences of her actions.

Question 19

Regarding self-handicapping,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Drinking alcohol as a self-handicapping strategy to cope with anxiety can lead to serious alcohol abuse. 
B)  Most of us have used self-handicapping at times to give ourselves a break from accepting full responsibility for success or failure. 
C)  When self-handicapping is habitually-used, it typically leads to lower self-esteem, poor adjustment, and poor health. 
D)  Women are more likely to self-handicap than men are. 
A)  Drinking alcohol as a self-handicapping strategy to cope with anxiety can lead to serious alcohol abuse. 
B)  Most of us have used self-handicapping at times to give ourselves a break from accepting full responsibility for success or failure. 
C)  When self-handicapping is habitually-used, it typically leads to lower self-esteem, poor adjustment, and poor health. 
D)  Women are more likely to self-handicap than men are.

Question 20

Several of your classmates are volunteering at a nursing home for extra credit,and they tell you how much fun they are having helping with the "parties" and the weekly activities for the residents.Although you had planned to do the article assignment for extra credit,you change your mind and decide to volunteer at the nursing home.Your new attitude was formed because of

Accepted Answer

A)  direct contact. 
B)  an interaction with others. 
C)  chance conditioning. 
D)  group membership. 
A)  direct contact. 
B)  an interaction with others. 
C)  chance conditioning. 
D)  group membership.

Exam 16: A: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Tom enjoys swimming in ice cold water.Because relatively few people like this same behavior,you are likely to make a(n)__________ attribution.

The attitudes of students in Theodore Newcomb's famous Bennington College study were highly influenced by

Janie is asked to freely express her attitudes toward the question: "What do you think about legalizing gambling in this state?" Janie's attitude toward gambling becoming legalized in her state is being assessed using

A cause of behavior that is assumed to lie within the person,such as personality is termed a(n)__________ cause.

The physician who ignores the pleadings of a hypochondriacal patient for medication is attributing the expression of symptoms to the

You chose your major because of all the opportunities available in the health field,while your roommate chose a degree in finance because he tends to be "greedy and money-hungry." In attributing cause to your behavior of choosing a major and that of your roommate,you have exhibited

The position one occupies within the structure of a group defines one's

Regarding objects,people,places,and events,attitudes summarize your __________ of them.

The are different sets of behaviors and expectations associated with your being a mother,a boss,or a student.These are examples of which of the following within your life?

When it is announced that a tennis star received $500,000 for endorsing a particular brand of tennis rackets,the public is likely to

Although Margo thought the singer did a good job,she did not think the performance rated a standing ovation.Nevertheless,she stood up when her friends did.Margo stood up due to

Regarding self-handicapping,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

B: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

C: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

A: Brain and Behavior

C: Brain and Behavior

A: Human Development

B: Human Development

C: Human Development

D: Human Development

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

C: Sensation and Perception

D: Sensation and Perception

A: States of Consciousness

B: States of Consciousness

C: States of Consciousness

D: States of Consciousness

A: Conditioning and Learning

B: Conditioning and Learning

C: Conditioning and Learning

D: Conditioning and Learning

A: Memory

B: Memory

C: Memory

A: Cognition,language,and Creativity

B: Cognition,language,and Creativity

C: Cognition,language,and Creativity

A: Intelligence

B: Intelligence

C: Intelligence

A: Motivation and Emotion

B: Motivation and Emotion

C: Motivation and Emotion

D: Motivation and Emotion

A: Gender and Sexuality

B: Gender and Sexuality

C: Gender and Sexuality

D: Gender and Sexuality Completion

A: Personality

B: Personality

C: Personality

D: Personality

A: Health,stress,and Coping

B: Health,stress,and Coping

C: Health,stress,and Coping

A: Psychological Disorders

B: Psychological Disorders

C: Psychological Disorders

D: Psychological Disorders

A: Therapies

B: Therapies

C: Therapies

D: Therapies

B: Social Thinking and Social Influence

C: Social Thinking and Social Influence

A: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

B: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

C: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

A: Applied Psychology

B: Applied Psychology

C: Applied Psychology

Appendix A: Behavioral Statistics

Appendix B: Behavioral Statistics

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