Question 1

If a response is not followed by a reward,it will occur less frequently,according to which principle of operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  nonreinforcement 
B)  punishment 
C)  stimulus control 
D)  negative reinforcement 
A)  nonreinforcement 
B)  punishment 
C)  stimulus control 
D)  negative reinforcement

Question 2

Electrical stimulation therapy involves

Accepted Answer

A)  ECT and implanted electrodes. 
B)  logotherapy and EMDR. 
C)  REBT and EMDR. 
D)  logotherapy and cybertherapy. 
A)  ECT and implanted electrodes. 
B)  logotherapy and EMDR. 
C)  REBT and EMDR. 
D)  logotherapy and cybertherapy.

Question 3

Regarding pharmacotherapy,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pharmacotherapy involves the use of drugs to treat behavioral and emotional problems. 
B)  Pharmacotherapy involves other medical treatments, such as ECT or EMDR. 
C)  Pharmacotherapy is considered a type of somatic therapy. 
D)  Pharmacotherapy is most beneficial when used in combination with some form of psychotherapy. 
A)  Pharmacotherapy involves the use of drugs to treat behavioral and emotional problems. 
B)  Pharmacotherapy involves other medical treatments, such as ECT or EMDR. 
C)  Pharmacotherapy is considered a type of somatic therapy. 
D)  Pharmacotherapy is most beneficial when used in combination with some form of psychotherapy.

Question 4

Desensitization is considered a(n)__________ therapy.

Accepted Answer

A)  existential 
B)  exposure 
C)  cognitive 
D)  rational-emotive behavior 
A)  existential 
B)  exposure 
C)  cognitive 
D)  rational-emotive behavior

Question 5

Regarding the risk-benefit ratio of Clozaril,what can be concluded?

Accepted Answer

A)  Clozaril has not been shown to be very effective in alleviating the symptoms of schizophrenia. 
B)  Unlike other antipsychotic drugs, Clozaril has not been shown to have any dangerous side-effects. 
C)  Many experts consider the risk of using Clozaril worth it, because schizophrenia robs people of a worthwhile life. 
D)  For most patients, the risks of using Clozaril, outweigh any benefits of the drug. 
A)  Clozaril has not been shown to be very effective in alleviating the symptoms of schizophrenia. 
B)  Unlike other antipsychotic drugs, Clozaril has not been shown to have any dangerous side-effects. 
C)  Many experts consider the risk of using Clozaril worth it, because schizophrenia robs people of a worthwhile life. 
D)  For most patients, the risks of using Clozaril, outweigh any benefits of the drug.

Question 6

Lobotomies and deep lesioning are examples of

Accepted Answer

A)  ECT. 
B)  psychosurgeries. 
C)  REBT. 
D)  pharmacotherapy. 
A)  ECT. 
B)  psychosurgeries. 
C)  REBT. 
D)  pharmacotherapy.

Question 7

If you are eating an apple and bite a large green worm in half,you may not be able to look at an apple for several months without feeling ill because you have developed a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  systematic desensitization. 
B)  spontaneous recovery. 
C)  conditioned aversion. 
D)  extinction. 
A)  systematic desensitization. 
B)  spontaneous recovery. 
C)  conditioned aversion. 
D)  extinction.

Question 8

Which of the following is often used to treat major mental disorders,such as schizophrenia,and is typically administered by psychiatrists?

Accepted Answer

A)  psychotherapy 
B)  somatic therapy 
C)  neurobiological therapy 
D)  biopsychotherapy 
A)  psychotherapy 
B)  somatic therapy 
C)  neurobiological therapy 
D)  biopsychotherapy

Question 9

In behavior modification,the term "response-contingent" means

Accepted Answer

A)  containing the response. 
B)  linked to a response. 
C)  being followed by the response. 
D)  positive reinforcement. 
A)  containing the response. 
B)  linked to a response. 
C)  being followed by the response. 
D)  positive reinforcement.

Question 10

To maximize the effects of a token economy,the therapist tries to focus on specific

Accepted Answer

A)  fears and anxieties. 
B)  unconditioned responses. 
C)  target behaviors. 
D)  response contingent punishments. 
A)  fears and anxieties. 
B)  unconditioned responses. 
C)  target behaviors. 
D)  response contingent punishments.

Question 11

Which of the following is a variation of response cost and involves removing the individual from a situation in which reinforcement occurs?

Accepted Answer

A)  shaping 
B)  stimulus control 
C)  time-out 
D)  reciprocal inhibition 
A)  shaping 
B)  stimulus control 
C)  time-out 
D)  reciprocal inhibition

Question 12

The main mode of action of antipsychotic drugs is to

Accepted Answer

A)  enhance the effects of serotonin or dopamine. 
B)  reduce the effects of GABA. 
C)  enhance the effects of GABA. 
D)  reduce the effects of dopamine. 
A)  enhance the effects of serotonin or dopamine. 
B)  reduce the effects of GABA. 
C)  enhance the effects of GABA. 
D)  reduce the effects of dopamine.

Question 13

Pharmacotherapy,electrical stimulation therapy,and psychosurgery are all forms of

Accepted Answer

A)  psychotherapy. 
B)  phototherapy. 
C)  somatic therapy. 
D)  physiotherapy. 
A)  psychotherapy. 
B)  phototherapy. 
C)  somatic therapy. 
D)  physiotherapy.

Question 14

Tokens are considered __________ reinforcers.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary 
B)  secondary 
C)  latent 
D)  manifest 
A)  primary 
B)  secondary 
C)  latent 
D)  manifest

Question 15

Systematic desensitization involves

Accepted Answer

A)  transference and resistance. 
B)  reflection and empathy. 
C)  a hierarchy and relaxation. 
D)  confrontation and rational thinking. 
A)  transference and resistance. 
B)  reflection and empathy. 
C)  a hierarchy and relaxation. 
D)  confrontation and rational thinking.

Question 16

In institutional settings,tokens are

Accepted Answer

A)  usually candy, food, or cigarettes. 
B)  used to apply classical conditioning to human problems. 
C)  the basis of reciprocal inhibition. 
D)  often exchanged for candy, recreation, or privileges. 
A)  usually candy, food, or cigarettes. 
B)  used to apply classical conditioning to human problems. 
C)  the basis of reciprocal inhibition. 
D)  often exchanged for candy, recreation, or privileges.

Question 17

When two autistic boys were ignored after instances of self-destructive behavior,their tendency to injure themselves disappeared.The operant principle employed was

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement. 
B)  stimulus control. 
C)  nonreinforcement. 
D)  reciprocal inhibition. 
A)  negative reinforcement. 
B)  stimulus control. 
C)  nonreinforcement. 
D)  reciprocal inhibition.

Question 18

Patti throws a temper tantrum in order to gain her mother's attention.However,her mother does not pay any attention and leaves the room.Patti stops her tantrum and follows her mother into the next room.To eliminate Patti's tantrums,her mother has used

Accepted Answer

A)  reciprocal inhibition. 
B)  shaping. 
C)  aversive conditioning. 
D)  time-out. 
A)  reciprocal inhibition. 
B)  shaping. 
C)  aversive conditioning. 
D)  time-out.

Question 19

Which of the following requires surgery but allows for electrical stimulation of targeted brain regions?

Accepted Answer

A)  implanted electrodes 
B)  ECT 
C)  EMDR 
D)  cybertherapy 
A)  implanted electrodes 
B)  ECT 
C)  EMDR 
D)  cybertherapy

Question 20

Regarding deinstitutionalization,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Deinstitutionalization was meant to remedy the problems of dependency caused by long-term hospitalization. 
B)  Many states have reduced mental hospital stays primarily as a way to save money. 
C)  Many former patients have become homeless or are repeatedly jailed for minor crimes. 
D)  Community mental health centers and local hospitals have been able to provide adequate care for the patients that have been released from mental hospitals. 
A)  Deinstitutionalization was meant to remedy the problems of dependency caused by long-term hospitalization. 
B)  Many states have reduced mental hospital stays primarily as a way to save money. 
C)  Many former patients have become homeless or are repeatedly jailed for minor crimes. 
D)  Community mental health centers and local hospitals have been able to provide adequate care for the patients that have been released from mental hospitals.

Exam 15: B: Therapies

If a response is not followed by a reward,it will occur less frequently,according to which principle of operant conditioning?

Electrical stimulation therapy involves

Regarding pharmacotherapy,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Desensitization is considered a(n)__________ therapy.

Regarding the risk-benefit ratio of Clozaril,what can be concluded?

Lobotomies and deep lesioning are examples of

If you are eating an apple and bite a large green worm in half,you may not be able to look at an apple for several months without feeling ill because you have developed a(n)

Which of the following is often used to treat major mental disorders,such as schizophrenia,and is typically administered by psychiatrists?

In behavior modification,the term "response-contingent" means

To maximize the effects of a token economy,the therapist tries to focus on specific

Which of the following is a variation of response cost and involves removing the individual from a situation in which reinforcement occurs?

The main mode of action of antipsychotic drugs is to

Pharmacotherapy,electrical stimulation therapy,and psychosurgery are all forms of

Tokens are considered __________ reinforcers.

Systematic desensitization involves

In institutional settings,tokens are

When two autistic boys were ignored after instances of self-destructive behavior,their tendency to injure themselves disappeared.The operant principle employed was

Patti throws a temper tantrum in order to gain her mother's attention.However,her mother does not pay any attention and leaves the room.Patti stops her tantrum and follows her mother into the next room.To eliminate Patti's tantrums,her mother has used

Which of the following requires surgery but allows for electrical stimulation of targeted brain regions?

Regarding deinstitutionalization,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

B: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

C: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

A: Brain and Behavior

C: Brain and Behavior

A: Human Development

B: Human Development

C: Human Development

D: Human Development

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

C: Sensation and Perception

D: Sensation and Perception

A: States of Consciousness

B: States of Consciousness

C: States of Consciousness

D: States of Consciousness

A: Conditioning and Learning

B: Conditioning and Learning

C: Conditioning and Learning

D: Conditioning and Learning

A: Memory

B: Memory

C: Memory

A: Cognition,language,and Creativity

B: Cognition,language,and Creativity

C: Cognition,language,and Creativity

A: Intelligence

B: Intelligence

C: Intelligence

A: Motivation and Emotion

B: Motivation and Emotion

C: Motivation and Emotion

D: Motivation and Emotion

A: Gender and Sexuality

B: Gender and Sexuality

C: Gender and Sexuality

D: Gender and Sexuality Completion

A: Personality

B: Personality

C: Personality

D: Personality

A: Health,stress,and Coping

B: Health,stress,and Coping

C: Health,stress,and Coping

A: Psychological Disorders

B: Psychological Disorders

C: Psychological Disorders

D: Psychological Disorders

A: Therapies

C: Therapies

D: Therapies

A: Social Thinking and Social Influence

B: Social Thinking and Social Influence

C: Social Thinking and Social Influence

A: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

B: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

C: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

A: Applied Psychology