Question 1

Exposing a person to simulated conditions to learn how he or she reacts under those conditions is called

Accepted Answer

A)  situational testing. 
B)  stress testing. 
C)  unstructured interviewing. 
D)  field rating. 
A)  situational testing. 
B)  stress testing. 
C)  unstructured interviewing. 
D)  field rating.

Question 2

The social learning theorist's equivalent to the Freudian concept of superego is

Accepted Answer

A)  self-reinforcement. 
B)  drive-reduction. 
C)  habit. 
D)  self-image. 
A)  self-reinforcement. 
B)  drive-reduction. 
C)  habit. 
D)  self-image.

Question 3

Albert Bandura believes that one of the most important expectancies we develop concerns our capacity for producing a desired result.He called this concept

Accepted Answer

A)  self-reinforcement. 
B)  self-efficacy. 
C)  congruence. 
D)  organismic valuing. 
A)  self-reinforcement. 
B)  self-efficacy. 
C)  congruence. 
D)  organismic valuing.

Question 4

Which personality theory pays attention to the positive dimensions of personality,has been very useful in counseling and psychotherapy,but has been criticized for using "fuzzy" concepts that are difficult to measure and study objectively?

Accepted Answer

A)  humanistic 
B)  psychoanalytic 
C)  behaviorist 
D)  trait 
A)  humanistic 
B)  psychoanalytic 
C)  behaviorist 
D)  trait

Question 5

Since the participants' personality characteristics are revealed as they are exposed to frustrations,temptations,pressure,and boredom,some of the recently popular "reality TV" programs,such as Survivor,American Idol,and The Amazing Race,bear some similarity to

Accepted Answer

A)  a projective test. 
B)  a behavioral assessment. 
C)  the MMPI. 
D)  situational testing. 
A)  a projective test. 
B)  a behavioral assessment. 
C)  the MMPI. 
D)  situational testing.

Question 6

Compared to personality questionnaires,such as the MMPI-2,the Rorschach and TAT tend to have

Accepted Answer

A)  lower validity. 
B)  lower reliability. 
C)  lower objectivity of scoring. 
D)  all of these. 
A)  lower validity. 
B)  lower reliability. 
C)  lower objectivity of scoring. 
D)  all of these.

Question 7

The validity of projective tests such as the TAT and Rorschach

Accepted Answer

A)  is higher than that of objective tests such as the MMPI-2. 
B)  is high, but their reliability is low. 
C)  may be increased if used in a battery of tests. 
D)  is low, but their reliability is high. 
A)  is higher than that of objective tests such as the MMPI-2. 
B)  is high, but their reliability is low. 
C)  may be increased if used in a battery of tests. 
D)  is low, but their reliability is high.

Question 8

You are planning to get your doctorate in psychology.Do you believe you will be able to make the sacrifices,study long hours,conduct research,and write a dissertation? If you do,then Bandura would say that you have a high degree of

Accepted Answer

A)  psychological drive. 
B)  reinforcement value. 
C)  self-efficacy. 
D)  behavioral competence. 
A)  psychological drive. 
B)  reinforcement value. 
C)  self-efficacy. 
D)  behavioral competence.

Question 9

Debbie will readily carry on conversations with her family and close friends,but she becomes shy and awkward whenever she meets a stranger.Debbie's reaction is best explained by

Accepted Answer

A)  a situational cause of shyness. 
B)  private self-consciousness. 
C)  a lack of social skills. 
D)  Debbie being wrapped up in her own feelings and thoughts. 
A)  a situational cause of shyness. 
B)  private self-consciousness. 
C)  a lack of social skills. 
D)  Debbie being wrapped up in her own feelings and thoughts.

Question 10

Because people of the same age and sex live in the same historical times and select from similar societal options,

Accepted Answer

A)  unrelated pairs of students of the same age and sex will appear very dissimilar on most traits. 
B)  you will find several children with the same first name in nearly every elementary classroom. 
C)  children in today's elementary classrooms are significantly more diverse than the children in the elementary schools of 50 years ago. 
D)  twins reared apart will always be significantly more similar than unrelated pairs of students. 
A)  unrelated pairs of students of the same age and sex will appear very dissimilar on most traits. 
B)  you will find several children with the same first name in nearly every elementary classroom. 
C)  children in today's elementary classrooms are significantly more diverse than the children in the elementary schools of 50 years ago. 
D)  twins reared apart will always be significantly more similar than unrelated pairs of students.

Question 11

An ideal situation for studying the role of genetics in behavior involves

Accepted Answer

A)  identical twins reared together. 
B)  identical twins reared apart. 
C)  fraternal twins reared together. 
D)  fraternal twins reared apart. 
A)  identical twins reared together. 
B)  identical twins reared apart. 
C)  fraternal twins reared together. 
D)  fraternal twins reared apart.

Question 12

The developmental emphasis in psychoanalytic theory is the

Accepted Answer

A)  development of the self-image. 
B)  psychosexual stages. 
C)  combined effects of heredity and environment. 
D)  critical learning situations. 
A)  development of the self-image. 
B)  psychosexual stages. 
C)  combined effects of heredity and environment. 
D)  critical learning situations.

Question 13

Which of the following theorists believed that during childhood four critical situations,which include feeding,toilet and cleanliness training,sex training,and learning to express anger or aggression,are capable of leaving a lasting imprint on personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dollard and Miller 
B)  Rogers and Maslow 
C)  Allport and Cattell 
D)  Rotter and Murray 
A)  Dollard and Miller 
B)  Rogers and Maslow 
C)  Allport and Cattell 
D)  Rotter and Murray

Question 14

Which of the following involves direct questioning to learn about a person's life history,personality traits,or current mental state?

Accepted Answer

A)  situational test 
B)  interview 
C)  behavioral assessment 
D)  personality questionnaire assessment 
A)  situational test 
B)  interview 
C)  behavioral assessment 
D)  personality questionnaire assessment

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT one of the major elements of shyness?

Accepted Answer

A)  social anxiety 
B)  a lack of social skills 
C)  a self-defeating bias 
D)  private self-consciousness 
A)  social anxiety 
B)  a lack of social skills 
C)  a self-defeating bias 
D)  private self-consciousness

Question 16

Abigail is intensely concerned about what others think of her.She worries that she may say the wrong thing or appear foolish.Abigail is exhibiting

Accepted Answer

A)  self-centeredness. 
B)  private self-consciousness. 
C)  public self-consciousness. 
D)  all of these. 
A)  self-centeredness. 
B)  private self-consciousness. 
C)  public self-consciousness. 
D)  all of these.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a strength of the humanistic theory of personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  being useful in counseling and psychotherapy 
B)  encouraging people to seek greater self-awareness and personal growth 
C)  rigorously testing and verifying their ideas and providing a good framework for personality research 
D)  giving attention to the positive dimensions of personality 
A)  being useful in counseling and psychotherapy 
B)  encouraging people to seek greater self-awareness and personal growth 
C)  rigorously testing and verifying their ideas and providing a good framework for personality research 
D)  giving attention to the positive dimensions of personality

Question 18

Carolyn is taking a 20-question "yes-no" personality questionnaire on the Internet.Regarding this test,which of the following is/are TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The test has little or no validity. 
B)  The test would be considered a projective measure. 
C)  The test cannot be scored objectively. 
D)  The test has all of these characteristics. 
A)  The test has little or no validity. 
B)  The test would be considered a projective measure. 
C)  The test cannot be scored objectively. 
D)  The test has all of these characteristics.

Question 19

A person states that most people he has known for several years have pretty much the same personalities now as they did when he first met them.This person believes that the behavior of the people he knows is strongly influenced by

Accepted Answer

A)  personality traits. 
B)  external situations. 
C)  ego defense mechanisms. 
D)  a striving for consistency and congruence. 
A)  personality traits. 
B)  external situations. 
C)  ego defense mechanisms. 
D)  a striving for consistency and congruence.

Question 20

In comparison of identical twins reared together and identical twins reared apart,it was found that

Accepted Answer

A)  those reared together always have more similar personality traits than those reared apart. 
B)  those reared apart tend to be completely different from each other in personality traits because they experienced different environments. 
C)  if one identical twin had a mental illness, the other twin will have the same mental illness, whether reared together or apart. 
D)  some twins reared apart appeared very similar, while some reared together appeared rather different. 
A)  those reared together always have more similar personality traits than those reared apart. 
B)  those reared apart tend to be completely different from each other in personality traits because they experienced different environments. 
C)  if one identical twin had a mental illness, the other twin will have the same mental illness, whether reared together or apart. 
D)  some twins reared apart appeared very similar, while some reared together appeared rather different.

Exam 12: C: Personality

Exposing a person to simulated conditions to learn how he or she reacts under those conditions is called

The social learning theorist's equivalent to the Freudian concept of superego is

Albert Bandura believes that one of the most important expectancies we develop concerns our capacity for producing a desired result.He called this concept

Which personality theory pays attention to the positive dimensions of personality,has been very useful in counseling and psychotherapy,but has been criticized for using "fuzzy" concepts that are difficult to measure and study objectively?

Since the participants' personality characteristics are revealed as they are exposed to frustrations,temptations,pressure,and boredom,some of the recently popular "reality TV" programs,such as Survivor,American Idol,and The Amazing Race,bear some similarity to

Compared to personality questionnaires,such as the MMPI-2,the Rorschach and TAT tend to have

The validity of projective tests such as the TAT and Rorschach

You are planning to get your doctorate in psychology.Do you believe you will be able to make the sacrifices,study long hours,conduct research,and write a dissertation? If you do,then Bandura would say that you have a high degree of

Debbie will readily carry on conversations with her family and close friends,but she becomes shy and awkward whenever she meets a stranger.Debbie's reaction is best explained by

Because people of the same age and sex live in the same historical times and select from similar societal options,

An ideal situation for studying the role of genetics in behavior involves

The developmental emphasis in psychoanalytic theory is the

Which of the following theorists believed that during childhood four critical situations,which include feeding,toilet and cleanliness training,sex training,and learning to express anger or aggression,are capable of leaving a lasting imprint on personality?

Which of the following involves direct questioning to learn about a person's life history,personality traits,or current mental state?

Which of the following is NOT one of the major elements of shyness?

Abigail is intensely concerned about what others think of her.She worries that she may say the wrong thing or appear foolish.Abigail is exhibiting

Which of the following is NOT a strength of the humanistic theory of personality?

Carolyn is taking a 20-question "yes-no" personality questionnaire on the Internet.Regarding this test,which of the following is/are TRUE?

A person states that most people he has known for several years have pretty much the same personalities now as they did when he first met them.This person believes that the behavior of the people he knows is strongly influenced by

In comparison of identical twins reared together and identical twins reared apart,it was found that

A: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

B: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

C: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

A: Brain and Behavior

C: Brain and Behavior

A: Human Development

B: Human Development

C: Human Development

D: Human Development

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

C: Sensation and Perception

D: Sensation and Perception

A: States of Consciousness

B: States of Consciousness

C: States of Consciousness

D: States of Consciousness

A: Conditioning and Learning

B: Conditioning and Learning

C: Conditioning and Learning

D: Conditioning and Learning

A: Memory

B: Memory

C: Memory

A: Cognition,language,and Creativity

B: Cognition,language,and Creativity

C: Cognition,language,and Creativity

A: Intelligence

B: Intelligence

C: Intelligence

A: Motivation and Emotion

B: Motivation and Emotion

C: Motivation and Emotion

D: Motivation and Emotion

A: Gender and Sexuality

B: Gender and Sexuality

C: Gender and Sexuality

D: Gender and Sexuality Completion

A: Personality

B: Personality

D: Personality

A: Health,stress,and Coping

B: Health,stress,and Coping

C: Health,stress,and Coping

A: Psychological Disorders

B: Psychological Disorders

C: Psychological Disorders

D: Psychological Disorders

A: Therapies

B: Therapies

C: Therapies

D: Therapies

A: Social Thinking and Social Influence

B: Social Thinking and Social Influence

C: Social Thinking and Social Influence

A: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

B: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

C: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

A: Applied Psychology