Question 1

Concerning self-reinforcement,which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-reinforcement leads to less life satisfaction. 
B)  Mildly depressed college students tend to frequently use self-reinforcement, rather than peer reinforcement. 
C)  Self-reinforcement is closely related to low self-esteem. 
D)  Self-reinforcement is similar to the psychoanalytical concept of the superego. 
A)  Self-reinforcement leads to less life satisfaction. 
B)  Mildly depressed college students tend to frequently use self-reinforcement, rather than peer reinforcement. 
C)  Self-reinforcement is closely related to low self-esteem. 
D)  Self-reinforcement is similar to the psychoanalytical concept of the superego.

Question 2

The Rorschach and the TAT are considered

Accepted Answer

A)  unstructured interviews. 
B)  personality questionnaires. 
C)  projective techniques. 
D)  honesty tests. 
A)  unstructured interviews. 
B)  personality questionnaires. 
C)  projective techniques. 
D)  honesty tests.

Question 3

The "amazing similarities" of identical twins may be a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  the confirmation bias. 
B)  deliberate deceit by the twins. 
C)  deliberate deceit by the researchers. 
D)  the Barnum effect. 
A)  the confirmation bias. 
B)  deliberate deceit by the twins. 
C)  deliberate deceit by the researchers. 
D)  the Barnum effect.

Question 4

Psychoanalytic theorists believe that the structure of the personality is formed by

Accepted Answer

A)  traits. 
B)  habits and expectancies. 
C)  the id, ego, and superego. 
D)  the ideal self and the real self. 
A)  traits. 
B)  habits and expectancies. 
C)  the id, ego, and superego. 
D)  the ideal self and the real self.

Question 5

Which of the following would be considered an open-ended question that might start a conversation?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Have you ever been to Canada?" 
B)  "What types of music do you like to listen to?" 
C)  "Do you like living in a small town?" 
D)  "Do you like Mexican food?" 
A)  "Have you ever been to Canada?" 
B)  "What types of music do you like to listen to?" 
C)  "Do you like living in a small town?" 
D)  "Do you like Mexican food?"

Question 6

A graphic representation of an individual's scores on each of the primary scales of the MMPI-2 is referred to as a

Accepted Answer

A)  deviation graph. 
B)  MMPI-2 profile. 
C)  normality curve. 
D)  Ebbinghaus curve. 
A)  deviation graph. 
B)  MMPI-2 profile. 
C)  normality curve. 
D)  Ebbinghaus curve.

Question 7

Connie and Sue are identical twins reared apart and recently reunited.Carl and Fred are unrelated students at a major university.Which of the following statements is TRUE of these pairings?

Accepted Answer

A)  Connie and Sue will probably show a long list of amazing similarities, while Carl and Fred will only share a couple of similarities. 
B)  Connie and Sue will probably share many similarities; Carl and Fred may share many similarities but are probably not motivated enough to discover them. 
C)  Connie and Sue will not share as many similarities as will Carl and Fred. 
D)  Connie and Sue will have more differences than will Carl and Fred. 
A)  Connie and Sue will probably show a long list of amazing similarities, while Carl and Fred will only share a couple of similarities. 
B)  Connie and Sue will probably share many similarities; Carl and Fred may share many similarities but are probably not motivated enough to discover them. 
C)  Connie and Sue will not share as many similarities as will Carl and Fred. 
D)  Connie and Sue will have more differences than will Carl and Fred.

Question 8

Regarding behavioral assessments,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  In behavioral assessments, observers record actions, not what traits they think a person has. 
B)  In behavioral assessments, observers count the frequency of specific behaviors. 
C)  Behavioral assessments can be used to probe thought processes. 
D)  In behavioral assessments, real-life conditions are simulated so that a person's spontaneous reactions can be observed. 
A)  In behavioral assessments, observers record actions, not what traits they think a person has. 
B)  In behavioral assessments, observers count the frequency of specific behaviors. 
C)  Behavioral assessments can be used to probe thought processes. 
D)  In behavioral assessments, real-life conditions are simulated so that a person's spontaneous reactions can be observed.

Question 9

Personality starts to stabilize around age

Accepted Answer

A)  three. 
B)  seven. 
C)  11. 
D)  20. 
A)  three. 
B)  seven. 
C)  11. 
D)  20.

Question 10

Psychologists who find it helpful to record the frequency of a patient's aggression,self-care,and unusual actions would use

Accepted Answer

A)  situational testing. 
B)  rating scales. 
C)  a behavioral assessment. 
D)  projective techniques. 
A)  situational testing. 
B)  rating scales. 
C)  a behavioral assessment. 
D)  projective techniques.

Question 11

In direct observations,an alternative to rating scales can be used in which the frequency of specific behaviors are counted.This is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  personality questionnaire. 
B)  behavioral assessment. 
C)  projective test. 
D)  structured interview. 
A)  personality questionnaire. 
B)  behavioral assessment. 
C)  projective test. 
D)  structured interview.

Question 12

According to studies of the influence of heredity and environment on personality traits,heredity appears to be responsible for what percent of the variation in many personality traits?

Accepted Answer

A)  less than 10 percent 
B)  about 25 to 50 percent 
C)  about 75 percent 
D)  at least 90 percent 
A)  less than 10 percent 
B)  about 25 to 50 percent 
C)  about 75 percent 
D)  at least 90 percent

Question 13

According to Lee,Zimbardo,and Bertholf,sudden murderers,like Fred Cowan described in your textbook,tend to

Accepted Answer

A)  be quiet and overcontrolled. 
B)  kill in furious, frenzied attacks. 
C)  have amnesia for their violent actions. 
D)  exhibit all of these characteristics. 
A)  be quiet and overcontrolled. 
B)  kill in furious, frenzied attacks. 
C)  have amnesia for their violent actions. 
D)  exhibit all of these characteristics.

Question 14

Persons who fail to make eye contact,retreat when spoken to,display little animation in conversation,lack confidence,and feel uncomfortable around people who are not close friends are displaying

Accepted Answer

A)  hysteria. 
B)  neurosis. 
C)  shyness. 
D)  mania. 
A)  hysteria. 
B)  neurosis. 
C)  shyness. 
D)  mania.

Question 15

In a study that compared twins to unrelated pairs of students,who were the same age and sex,the unrelated pairs of students were

Accepted Answer

A)  almost as alike as the twins. 
B)  much less alike than the twins. 
C)  more alike than the twins. 
D)  more motivated to find similarities than the twins were. 
A)  almost as alike as the twins. 
B)  much less alike than the twins. 
C)  more alike than the twins. 
D)  more motivated to find similarities than the twins were.

Question 16

Extreme shyness is often associated with depression,loneliness,fearfulness,inhibition,and low self-esteem and may be diagnosed as a(n)__________ disorder.

Accepted Answer

A)  conversion 
B)  social anxiety 
C)  somatoform 
D)  obsessive-compulsive personality 
A)  conversion 
B)  social anxiety 
C)  somatoform 
D)  obsessive-compulsive personality

Question 17

Murray's TAT involves the use of

Accepted Answer

A)  inkblots. 
B)  true-false items. 
C)  multiple-choice items. 
D)  sketches of people and events. 
A)  inkblots. 
B)  true-false items. 
C)  multiple-choice items. 
D)  sketches of people and events.

Question 18

According to social learning theory,a child's emotional attachment to admired adults,especially those who provide love and care is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  fixation. 
B)  congruence. 
C)  identification. 
D)  imitation. 
A)  fixation. 
B)  congruence. 
C)  identification. 
D)  imitation.

Question 19

Sarkita is in the office of a potential employer.She is being asked a series of questions that will be asked to all the potential employees.Sarkita is undergoing a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  situational test. 
B)  behavioral assessment. 
C)  unstructured interview. 
D)  structured interview. 
A)  situational test. 
B)  behavioral assessment. 
C)  unstructured interview. 
D)  structured interview.

Question 20

Shyness is often triggered by all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  informal settings. 
B)  being the focus of attention. 
C)  being noticeably different from others. 
D)  meeting someone of higher status. 
A)  informal settings. 
B)  being the focus of attention. 
C)  being noticeably different from others. 
D)  meeting someone of higher status.

Exam 12: C: Personality

Concerning self-reinforcement,which of the following statements is TRUE?

The Rorschach and the TAT are considered

The "amazing similarities" of identical twins may be a result of

Psychoanalytic theorists believe that the structure of the personality is formed by

Which of the following would be considered an open-ended question that might start a conversation?

A graphic representation of an individual's scores on each of the primary scales of the MMPI-2 is referred to as a

Connie and Sue are identical twins reared apart and recently reunited.Carl and Fred are unrelated students at a major university.Which of the following statements is TRUE of these pairings?

Regarding behavioral assessments,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Personality starts to stabilize around age

Psychologists who find it helpful to record the frequency of a patient's aggression,self-care,and unusual actions would use

In direct observations,an alternative to rating scales can be used in which the frequency of specific behaviors are counted.This is called a

According to studies of the influence of heredity and environment on personality traits,heredity appears to be responsible for what percent of the variation in many personality traits?

According to Lee,Zimbardo,and Bertholf,sudden murderers,like Fred Cowan described in your textbook,tend to

Persons who fail to make eye contact,retreat when spoken to,display little animation in conversation,lack confidence,and feel uncomfortable around people who are not close friends are displaying

In a study that compared twins to unrelated pairs of students,who were the same age and sex,the unrelated pairs of students were

Extreme shyness is often associated with depression,loneliness,fearfulness,inhibition,and low self-esteem and may be diagnosed as a(n)__________ disorder.

Murray's TAT involves the use of

According to social learning theory,a child's emotional attachment to admired adults,especially those who provide love and care is referred to as

Sarkita is in the office of a potential employer.She is being asked a series of questions that will be asked to all the potential employees.Sarkita is undergoing a(n)

Shyness is often triggered by all of the following EXCEPT

A: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

B: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

C: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

A: Brain and Behavior

C: Brain and Behavior

A: Human Development

B: Human Development

C: Human Development

D: Human Development

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

C: Sensation and Perception

D: Sensation and Perception

A: States of Consciousness

B: States of Consciousness

C: States of Consciousness

D: States of Consciousness

A: Conditioning and Learning

B: Conditioning and Learning

C: Conditioning and Learning

D: Conditioning and Learning

A: Memory

B: Memory

C: Memory

A: Cognition,language,and Creativity

B: Cognition,language,and Creativity

C: Cognition,language,and Creativity

A: Intelligence

B: Intelligence

C: Intelligence

A: Motivation and Emotion

B: Motivation and Emotion

C: Motivation and Emotion

D: Motivation and Emotion

A: Gender and Sexuality

B: Gender and Sexuality

C: Gender and Sexuality

D: Gender and Sexuality Completion

A: Personality

B: Personality

D: Personality

A: Health,stress,and Coping

B: Health,stress,and Coping

C: Health,stress,and Coping

A: Psychological Disorders

B: Psychological Disorders

C: Psychological Disorders

D: Psychological Disorders

A: Therapies

B: Therapies

C: Therapies

D: Therapies

A: Social Thinking and Social Influence

B: Social Thinking and Social Influence

C: Social Thinking and Social Influence

A: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

B: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

C: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

A: Applied Psychology