Question 1

According to Bandura,which of the following plays a key role in shaping our lives by influencing the activities and environments in which we choose to participate?

Accepted Answer

A)  self-actualization 
B)  self-efficacy 
C)  congruence 
D)  organismic valuing 
A)  self-actualization 
B)  self-efficacy 
C)  congruence 
D)  organismic valuing

Question 2

If you rate a student highly on all traits on a college entrance form because the student is very likeable and attractive,you are illustrating

Accepted Answer

A)  the halo effect. 
B)  the self-promoting phenomenon. 
C)  public self-consciousness. 
D)  the Barnum effect. 
A)  the halo effect. 
B)  the self-promoting phenomenon. 
C)  public self-consciousness. 
D)  the Barnum effect.

Question 3

Regarding psychological assessment,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychological assessments are significantly less accurate than commonly used medical tests. 
B)  Test scores are informative, but they can incorrectly label people. 
C)  A clinical psychologist trying to decide if a person has emotional problems should use the MMPI-2 plus information from interviews and other tests. 
D)  Interviews, observation, rating scales, and personality questionnaires try to directly identify overt, observable traits. 
A)  Psychological assessments are significantly less accurate than commonly used medical tests. 
B)  Test scores are informative, but they can incorrectly label people. 
C)  A clinical psychologist trying to decide if a person has emotional problems should use the MMPI-2 plus information from interviews and other tests. 
D)  Interviews, observation, rating scales, and personality questionnaires try to directly identify overt, observable traits.

Question 4

The fact that James allows himself one play on a video game after studying a half an hour illustrates which concept in social learning theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  situational determinants 
B)  expectancy 
C)  self-reinforcement 
D)  self-efficacy 
A)  situational determinants 
B)  expectancy 
C)  self-reinforcement 
D)  self-efficacy

Question 5

Regarding the critical situation of feeding,if children are fed when they cry,it encourages them to

Accepted Answer

A)  be aggressive toward others. 
B)  actively manipulate their parents. 
C)  passively accept situations. 
D)  develop self-efficacy in situations. 
A)  be aggressive toward others. 
B)  actively manipulate their parents. 
C)  passively accept situations. 
D)  develop self-efficacy in situations.

Question 6

Gayle made a 98 on her term paper for psychology class.So,she treats herself to a manicure to reward herself for a job well done.Gayle is using

Accepted Answer

A)  self-efficacy. 
B)  conditional positive regard. 
C)  conditions of worth. 
D)  self-reinforcement. 
A)  self-efficacy. 
B)  conditional positive regard. 
C)  conditions of worth. 
D)  self-reinforcement.

Question 7

Psychological researchers believe that sudden murderers explode into violence because they

Accepted Answer

A)  are quiet and overcontrolled. 
B)  probably suffer from brain damage. 
C)  were habitually aggressive since childhood. 
D)  are essentially schizophrenic. 
A)  are quiet and overcontrolled. 
B)  probably suffer from brain damage. 
C)  were habitually aggressive since childhood. 
D)  are essentially schizophrenic.

Question 8

According to your textbook,the psychologists at the University of Minnesota for the last two decades have been studying

Accepted Answer

A)  the differences in fraternal and identical twins in relation to the five-factor model of personality. 
B)  how adoption affects the development of traits in males and females. 
C)  identical twins who grew up in different homes. 
D)  the interaction of the mother's and father's personality traits in their child's personality. 
A)  the differences in fraternal and identical twins in relation to the five-factor model of personality. 
B)  how adoption affects the development of traits in males and females. 
C)  identical twins who grew up in different homes. 
D)  the interaction of the mother's and father's personality traits in their child's personality.

Question 9

Which of the following techniques is recommended for overcoming shyness?

Accepted Answer

A)  Accept that it is a basic personality trait that cannot be changed. 
B)  Avoid asking open-ended questions of acquaintances. 
C)  At first, one should avoid situations that lead to social contact. 
D)  Practice social skills and be willing to take some social risks. 
A)  Accept that it is a basic personality trait that cannot be changed. 
B)  Avoid asking open-ended questions of acquaintances. 
C)  At first, one should avoid situations that lead to social contact. 
D)  Practice social skills and be willing to take some social risks.

Question 10

Regarding a study using behavioral assessments,it was found that couples with sexual difficulties were more likely to do which of the following than couples with no sexual difficulties?

Accepted Answer

A)  be receptive to talking about their sexuality 
B)  blame themselves 
C)  blame each other 
D)  do all of these behaviors 
A)  be receptive to talking about their sexuality 
B)  blame themselves 
C)  blame each other 
D)  do all of these behaviors

Question 11

Often when twins who were separated at birth are reunited,they tend to focus on all of their similarities,while ignoring their differences.This is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  the Barnum effect. 
B)  the confirmation bias. 
C)  uncritical acceptance. 
D)  functional fixedness. 
A)  the Barnum effect. 
B)  the confirmation bias. 
C)  uncritical acceptance. 
D)  functional fixedness.

Question 12

One of the limitations of face-to-face interviewing is that

Accepted Answer

A)  interviewers can be swayed by preconceptions. 
B)  bodily cues change the meaning of what an interviewee says. 
C)  the method yields little insight into personality. 
D)  interviews are of little use in clinical work. 
A)  interviewers can be swayed by preconceptions. 
B)  bodily cues change the meaning of what an interviewee says. 
C)  the method yields little insight into personality. 
D)  interviews are of little use in clinical work.

Question 13

Interviews are used to do all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  gain rapid insight into personality and identify personality disturbances. 
B)  select people for jobs, college, or special programs. 
C)  control a client's behavior in therapy. 
D)  gain information about a person through observing his or her body language. 
A)  gain rapid insight into personality and identify personality disturbances. 
B)  select people for jobs, college, or special programs. 
C)  control a client's behavior in therapy. 
D)  gain information about a person through observing his or her body language.

Question 14

Which of the following is one of the unrealistic beliefs that tends to maintain shyness?

Accepted Answer

A)  "I can't wait until I'm completely relaxed or comfortable before taking a social risk." 
B)  "The odds of meeting someone interested in socializing are always the same, no matter where I am." 
C)  "I may think other people are harshly evaluating me, but actually I'm being too hard on myself." 
D)  "Even people who are very socially skillful are never successful 100 percent of the time." 
A)  "I can't wait until I'm completely relaxed or comfortable before taking a social risk." 
B)  "The odds of meeting someone interested in socializing are always the same, no matter where I am." 
C)  "I may think other people are harshly evaluating me, but actually I'm being too hard on myself." 
D)  "Even people who are very socially skillful are never successful 100 percent of the time."

Question 15

Gina and Tina are identical twins who were separated at birth and grew up in different families.Which of the following aspects of their lives is more likely to be due to genetic similarities?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both sing alto and are accomplished musicians. 
B)  Both married men who were named Tim. 
C)  Both drive red Mustang convertibles. 
D)  Both use the same shampoo and toothpaste. 
A)  Both sing alto and are accomplished musicians. 
B)  Both married men who were named Tim. 
C)  Both drive red Mustang convertibles. 
D)  Both use the same shampoo and toothpaste.

Question 16

According to the behaviorists,which of the following involves learning socially defined "male" and "female" gender roles,which affect personality development?

Accepted Answer

A)  sex training 
B)  organismic valuing 
C)  the exploration of possible selves 
D)  self-efficacy 
A)  sex training 
B)  organismic valuing 
C)  the exploration of possible selves 
D)  self-efficacy

Question 17

The characteristics of social anxiety,frequent and intense evaluation fears,a lack of social skills,and a self-defeating bias represent basic features of __________ people.

Accepted Answer

A)  manic 
B)  neurotic 
C)  shy 
D)  introverted 
A)  manic 
B)  neurotic 
C)  shy 
D)  introverted

Question 18

According to the social learning theorists,the learning of sex-appropriate behaviors can take place directly or it can take place without any direct reward for observing and remembering the actions of others,which is referred to as __________ learning.

Accepted Answer

A)  vicarious 
B)  innate 
C)  unconscious 
D)  inverse 
A)  vicarious 
B)  innate 
C)  unconscious 
D)  inverse

Question 19

At one time or another,you may have noticed that when you say,"I think people feel...," you may be expressing your own feelings.This is similar to which type of measure used in psychological assessment?

Accepted Answer

A)  observation 
B)  projection 
C)  interview 
D)  questionnaire 
A)  observation 
B)  projection 
C)  interview 
D)  questionnaire

Question 20

Which of the following would be a productive belief to help reduce shyness?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Wait around long enough at social gatherings, and someone will come up and start a conversation with you." 
B)  "People who are popular are just lucky when it comes to being invited to social events or asked out." 
C)  "If someone doesn't seem to like you right away, realize that they never will like you, so move on." 
D)  "I can't wait until I'm completely relaxed or comfortable before taking a social risk." 
A)  "Wait around long enough at social gatherings, and someone will come up and start a conversation with you." 
B)  "People who are popular are just lucky when it comes to being invited to social events or asked out." 
C)  "If someone doesn't seem to like you right away, realize that they never will like you, so move on." 
D)  "I can't wait until I'm completely relaxed or comfortable before taking a social risk."

Exam 12: C: Personality

According to Bandura,which of the following plays a key role in shaping our lives by influencing the activities and environments in which we choose to participate?

If you rate a student highly on all traits on a college entrance form because the student is very likeable and attractive,you are illustrating

Regarding psychological assessment,which of the following statements is FALSE?

The fact that James allows himself one play on a video game after studying a half an hour illustrates which concept in social learning theory?

Regarding the critical situation of feeding,if children are fed when they cry,it encourages them to

Gayle made a 98 on her term paper for psychology class.So,she treats herself to a manicure to reward herself for a job well done.Gayle is using

Psychological researchers believe that sudden murderers explode into violence because they

According to your textbook,the psychologists at the University of Minnesota for the last two decades have been studying

Which of the following techniques is recommended for overcoming shyness?

Regarding a study using behavioral assessments,it was found that couples with sexual difficulties were more likely to do which of the following than couples with no sexual difficulties?

Often when twins who were separated at birth are reunited,they tend to focus on all of their similarities,while ignoring their differences.This is known as

One of the limitations of face-to-face interviewing is that

Interviews are used to do all of the following EXCEPT

Which of the following is one of the unrealistic beliefs that tends to maintain shyness?

Gina and Tina are identical twins who were separated at birth and grew up in different families.Which of the following aspects of their lives is more likely to be due to genetic similarities?

According to the behaviorists,which of the following involves learning socially defined "male" and "female" gender roles,which affect personality development?

The characteristics of social anxiety,frequent and intense evaluation fears,a lack of social skills,and a self-defeating bias represent basic features of __________ people.

According to the social learning theorists,the learning of sex-appropriate behaviors can take place directly or it can take place without any direct reward for observing and remembering the actions of others,which is referred to as __________ learning.

At one time or another,you may have noticed that when you say,"I think people feel...," you may be expressing your own feelings.This is similar to which type of measure used in psychological assessment?

Which of the following would be a productive belief to help reduce shyness?

A: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

B: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

C: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

A: Brain and Behavior

C: Brain and Behavior

A: Human Development

B: Human Development

C: Human Development

D: Human Development

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

C: Sensation and Perception

D: Sensation and Perception

A: States of Consciousness

B: States of Consciousness

C: States of Consciousness

D: States of Consciousness

A: Conditioning and Learning

B: Conditioning and Learning

C: Conditioning and Learning

D: Conditioning and Learning

A: Memory

B: Memory

C: Memory

A: Cognition,language,and Creativity

B: Cognition,language,and Creativity

C: Cognition,language,and Creativity

A: Intelligence

B: Intelligence

C: Intelligence

A: Motivation and Emotion

B: Motivation and Emotion

C: Motivation and Emotion

D: Motivation and Emotion

A: Gender and Sexuality

B: Gender and Sexuality

C: Gender and Sexuality

D: Gender and Sexuality Completion

A: Personality

B: Personality

D: Personality

A: Health,stress,and Coping

B: Health,stress,and Coping

C: Health,stress,and Coping

A: Psychological Disorders

B: Psychological Disorders

C: Psychological Disorders

D: Psychological Disorders

A: Therapies

B: Therapies

C: Therapies

D: Therapies

A: Social Thinking and Social Influence

B: Social Thinking and Social Influence

C: Social Thinking and Social Influence

A: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

B: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

C: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

A: Applied Psychology