Question 1

According to Adler,when a person tries to make up for certain limitations or weaknesses and overcome feelings of inadequacy,he or she is exhibiting

Accepted Answer

A)  instinctuality. 
B)  fixation. 
C)  compensation. 
D)  archetypal development. 
A)  instinctuality. 
B)  fixation. 
C)  compensation. 
D)  archetypal development.

Question 2

Behavioral psychologists would say that the high rates of academic dishonesty on college campuses is due to the

Accepted Answer

A)  students' biological predispositions toward cheating. 
B)  instinctual drives of aggressiveness against authority by young people. 
C)  students' lack of congruence between their real and ideal selves. 
D)  situations in classes that allow cheating to take place. 
A)  students' biological predispositions toward cheating. 
B)  instinctual drives of aggressiveness against authority by young people. 
C)  students' lack of congruence between their real and ideal selves. 
D)  situations in classes that allow cheating to take place.

Question 3

According to behavioral personality theorists,external conditions that strongly influence behavior are called

Accepted Answer

A)  situational determinants. 
B)  congruence stimuli. 
C)  secondary traits. 
D)  fixations. 
A)  situational determinants. 
B)  congruence stimuli. 
C)  secondary traits. 
D)  fixations.

Question 4

Which of the following would be POOR advice for a person who wants to lead a self-actualized life?

Accepted Answer

A)  Examine your motives. 
B)  Judge your progress by the standards of others. 
C)  Almost any activity can be used as a chance for self-enhancement if it is approached creatively. 
D)  Get involved and commit to a "calling" in life. 
A)  Examine your motives. 
B)  Judge your progress by the standards of others. 
C)  Almost any activity can be used as a chance for self-enhancement if it is approached creatively. 
D)  Get involved and commit to a "calling" in life.

Question 5

Seligman and Peterson found that traits of hope,vitality,gratitude,love,and curiosity are strongly associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  incongruence. 
B)  life satisfaction. 
C)  conditions of worth. 
D)  positive fixations. 
A)  incongruence. 
B)  life satisfaction. 
C)  conditions of worth. 
D)  positive fixations.

Question 6

Which personality theory emphasizes that one's actions are always a product of both prior learning and the situation in which we find ourselves?

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral theory 
B)  humanistic theory 
C)  psychodynamic theory 
D)  trait theory 
A)  behavioral theory 
B)  humanistic theory 
C)  psychodynamic theory 
D)  trait theory

Question 7

Both Tasha and Eric made a D on their first psychology test.Tasha plans to study harder and do as much extra credit as she can in order to pull this grade up to an A before the end of the semester.However,Eric feels sure that he can pull a C out of the course,which is good enough for his program of study.Tasha and Eric appear to place different __________ on grades.

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement values 
B)  expectancy values 
C)  self-reinforcements 
D)  self-efficacies 
A)  reinforcement values 
B)  expectancy values 
C)  self-reinforcements 
D)  self-efficacies

Question 8

According to Freud,which of the following begins at puberty and ends with the person having a mature capacity for love and the realization of full adult sexuality?

Accepted Answer

A)  genital stage 
B)  organismic valuing 
C)  phallic stage 
D)  self-actualization 
A)  genital stage 
B)  organismic valuing 
C)  phallic stage 
D)  self-actualization

Question 9

According to Freud,the Oedipus and Electra conflicts occur during the __________ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)  anal 
B)  oral 
C)  phallic 
D)  genital 
A)  anal 
B)  oral 
C)  phallic 
D)  genital

Question 10

Concerning "honesty," strict learning theorists would say that

Accepted Answer

A)  "honesty" is considered a secondary trait. 
B)  "honesty" is the result of a lack of fixation during psychosocial development. 
C)  knowing a person is "honest" allows us to predict his or her behavior in a multitude of situations. 
D)  the specific situation would have to be known in order to make a "correct" prediction. 
A)  "honesty" is considered a secondary trait. 
B)  "honesty" is the result of a lack of fixation during psychosocial development. 
C)  knowing a person is "honest" allows us to predict his or her behavior in a multitude of situations. 
D)  the specific situation would have to be known in order to make a "correct" prediction.

Question 11

Which of the following base their theories on scientific research and have been accused of approaching personality as if people are robots?

Accepted Answer

A)  behaviorists 
B)  psychoanalysts 
C)  humanists 
D)  trait theorists 
A)  behaviorists 
B)  psychoanalysts 
C)  humanists 
D)  trait theorists

Question 12

According to Jung,the archetype that represents the male principle is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  ego ideal. 
B)  persona. 
C)  anima. 
D)  animus. 
A)  ego ideal. 
B)  persona. 
C)  anima. 
D)  animus.

Question 13

Regarding self-actualization,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Maslow's choice of people for his study was subjective. 
B)  The concept of self-actualization is very similar to Freud's concept of fixation. 
C)  Self-actualization is primarily a process rather than a state. 
D)  Self-actualizers feel safe, nonanxious, accepted, loved, loving, and alive. 
A)  Maslow's choice of people for his study was subjective. 
B)  The concept of self-actualization is very similar to Freud's concept of fixation. 
C)  Self-actualization is primarily a process rather than a state. 
D)  Self-actualizers feel safe, nonanxious, accepted, loved, loving, and alive.

Question 14

When Armad becomes stressed because others at the investment fund were being promoted over him,he began to point out their errors in meetings and to withhold information from them in order to gain an advantage over his rivals.Armad would be described by Karen Horney as using which mode of interacting?

Accepted Answer

A)  moving toward 
B)  moving away 
C)  moving against 
D)  moving upward 
A)  moving toward 
B)  moving away 
C)  moving against 
D)  moving upward

Question 15

In men,the unconscious,idealized image of women based,in part,on real experiences with women and the experiences men have had with women throughout history is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  ego. 
B)  ego ideal. 
C)  anima. 
D)  animus. 
A)  ego. 
B)  ego ideal. 
C)  anima. 
D)  animus.

Question 16

Carl Rogers believed that adults who experience emotional problems

Accepted Answer

A)  lack the potential for self-actualization. 
B)  are too much influenced by the standards of others. 
C)  failed to develop a superego. 
D)  were fixated at an immature level of development. 
A)  lack the potential for self-actualization. 
B)  are too much influenced by the standards of others. 
C)  failed to develop a superego. 
D)  were fixated at an immature level of development.

Question 17

In the development of his theory,which of the following began by studying the lives of great men and women from history; then moved on to directly study the living artists,writers,poets,and other creative individuals; and eventually realized that less famous people could also lead rich,creative,and satisfying lives?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bandura 
B)  Murray 
C)  Maslow 
D)  Cattell 
A)  Bandura 
B)  Murray 
C)  Maslow 
D)  Cattell

Question 18

Abraham Maslow developed his theory of self-actualization by

Accepted Answer

A)  observing how preschool teachers give attention to different behaviors in boys and girls. 
B)  using projective tests with normal and abnormal subjects. 
C)  studying people who had fully developed their personal potentials. 
D)  using computer models to simulate human emotional experiences. 
A)  observing how preschool teachers give attention to different behaviors in boys and girls. 
B)  using projective tests with normal and abnormal subjects. 
C)  studying people who had fully developed their personal potentials. 
D)  using computer models to simulate human emotional experiences.

Question 19

When a child is told by his parents that he is wrong to feel angry toward a brother or sister even when the anger is justified,the child has experienced what Rogers called

Accepted Answer

A)  ego ideals. 
B)  conditions of worth. 
C)  organismic valuing. 
D)  possible selves. 
A)  ego ideals. 
B)  conditions of worth. 
C)  organismic valuing. 
D)  possible selves.

Question 20

According to Adler,the pattern of personality and behavior that defines the pathway each person takes through life is called his or her

Accepted Answer

A)  style of life. 
B)  archetype. 
C)  mode of interaction. 
D)  persona (or "mask"). 
A)  style of life. 
B)  archetype. 
C)  mode of interaction. 
D)  persona (or "mask").

Exam 12: B: Personality

According to Adler,when a person tries to make up for certain limitations or weaknesses and overcome feelings of inadequacy,he or she is exhibiting

Behavioral psychologists would say that the high rates of academic dishonesty on college campuses is due to the

According to behavioral personality theorists,external conditions that strongly influence behavior are called

Which of the following would be POOR advice for a person who wants to lead a self-actualized life?

Seligman and Peterson found that traits of hope,vitality,gratitude,love,and curiosity are strongly associated with

Which personality theory emphasizes that one's actions are always a product of both prior learning and the situation in which we find ourselves?

According to Freud,which of the following begins at puberty and ends with the person having a mature capacity for love and the realization of full adult sexuality?

According to Freud,the Oedipus and Electra conflicts occur during the __________ stage.

Concerning "honesty," strict learning theorists would say that

Which of the following base their theories on scientific research and have been accused of approaching personality as if people are robots?

According to Jung,the archetype that represents the male principle is called the

Regarding self-actualization,which of the following statements is FALSE?

In men,the unconscious,idealized image of women based,in part,on real experiences with women and the experiences men have had with women throughout history is called the

Carl Rogers believed that adults who experience emotional problems

Abraham Maslow developed his theory of self-actualization by

When a child is told by his parents that he is wrong to feel angry toward a brother or sister even when the anger is justified,the child has experienced what Rogers called

According to Adler,the pattern of personality and behavior that defines the pathway each person takes through life is called his or her

A: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

B: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

C: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

A: Brain and Behavior

C: Brain and Behavior

A: Human Development

B: Human Development

C: Human Development

D: Human Development

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

C: Sensation and Perception

D: Sensation and Perception

A: States of Consciousness

B: States of Consciousness

C: States of Consciousness

D: States of Consciousness

A: Conditioning and Learning

B: Conditioning and Learning

C: Conditioning and Learning

D: Conditioning and Learning

A: Memory

B: Memory

C: Memory

A: Cognition,language,and Creativity

B: Cognition,language,and Creativity

C: Cognition,language,and Creativity

A: Intelligence

B: Intelligence

C: Intelligence

A: Motivation and Emotion

B: Motivation and Emotion

C: Motivation and Emotion

D: Motivation and Emotion

A: Gender and Sexuality

B: Gender and Sexuality

C: Gender and Sexuality

D: Gender and Sexuality Completion

A: Personality

C: Personality

D: Personality

A: Health,stress,and Coping

B: Health,stress,and Coping

C: Health,stress,and Coping

A: Psychological Disorders

B: Psychological Disorders

C: Psychological Disorders

D: Psychological Disorders

A: Therapies

B: Therapies

C: Therapies

D: Therapies

A: Social Thinking and Social Influence

B: Social Thinking and Social Influence

C: Social Thinking and Social Influence

A: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

B: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

C: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

A: Applied Psychology

B: Applied Psychology

C: Applied Psychology

Appendix A: Behavioral Statistics