Question 1

A person with emphysema will exhibit signs of

Accepted Answer

A)  chronic respiratory acidosis. 
B)  chronic respiratory alkalosis. 
C)  acute respiratory acidosis. 
D)  chronic metabolic acidosis. 
E)  metabolic alkalosis. 
A)  chronic respiratory acidosis. 
B)  chronic respiratory alkalosis. 
C)  acute respiratory acidosis. 
D)  chronic metabolic acidosis. 
E)  metabolic alkalosis.

Question 2

Extreme losses of bicarbonate ions, such as in diarrhea, will cause

Accepted Answer

A)  acute respiratory acidosis. 
B)  chronic respiratory acidosis. 
C)  respiratory alkalosis. 
D)  metabolic acidosis. 
E)  metabolic alkalosis. 
A)  acute respiratory acidosis. 
B)  chronic respiratory acidosis. 
C)  respiratory alkalosis. 
D)  metabolic acidosis. 
E)  metabolic alkalosis.

Question 3

________ acid is an acid that can leave solution and enter the atmosphere.

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory 
B)  volatile 
C)  metabolic 
D)  inorganic 
E)  fixed 
A)  respiratory 
B)  volatile 
C)  metabolic 
D)  inorganic 
E)  fixed

Question 4

Homeostatic mechanisms that monitor and adjust the composition of body fluids respond to changes in the ________ fluid.

Accepted Answer

A)  lymphatic 
B)  intracellular 
C)  plasma 
D)  extracellular 
E)  cerebrospinal 
A)  lymphatic 
B)  intracellular 
C)  plasma 
D)  extracellular 
E)  cerebrospinal

Question 5

When water is lost, but electrolytes are retained,

Accepted Answer

A)  the osmolarity of the ECF falls. 
B)  osmosis moves water from the ICF to the ECF. 
C)  both the ECF and the ICF become more dilute. 
D)  there is an increase in the volume of the ICF. 
E)  aldosterone is secreted. 
A)  the osmolarity of the ECF falls. 
B)  osmosis moves water from the ICF to the ECF. 
C)  both the ECF and the ICF become more dilute. 
D)  there is an increase in the volume of the ICF. 
E)  aldosterone is secreted.

Question 6

A chemical that minimizes changes in the pH of a body fluid by releasing or binding hydrogen ion is calleda(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  electrolyte. 
B)  acid. 
C)  alkali. 
D)  compensation. 
E)  buffer. 
A)  electrolyte. 
B)  acid. 
C)  alkali. 
D)  compensation. 
E)  buffer.

Question 7

Which hormone plays a central role in determining the rate of sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion?

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH 
B)  aldosterone 
C)  BNP 
D)  ANP 
E)  epinephrine 
A)  ADH 
B)  aldosterone 
C)  BNP 
D)  ANP 
E)  epinephrine

Question 8

The principal ions in extracellular fluid are sodium, chloride, and

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium. 
B)  magnesium. 
C)  phosphate. 
D)  bicarbonate. 
E)  iodine. 
A)  potassium. 
B)  magnesium. 
C)  phosphate. 
D)  bicarbonate. 
E)  iodine.

Question 9

In response to respiratory alkalosis, the

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory rate increases. 
B)  tidal volume increases. 
C)  kidneys conserve bicarbonate. 
D)  kidneys secrete more hydrogen ions. 
E)  kidneys retain more hydrogen ions. 
A)  respiratory rate increases. 
B)  tidal volume increases. 
C)  kidneys conserve bicarbonate. 
D)  kidneys secrete more hydrogen ions. 
E)  kidneys retain more hydrogen ions.

Question 10

A patient who has been both vomiting and having diarrhea is losing all of the following except ________from his body.

Accepted Answer

A)  water 
B)  sodium 
C)  bicarbonate ion 
D)  hydrogen ion 
E)  protein 
A)  water 
B)  sodium 
C)  bicarbonate ion 
D)  hydrogen ion 
E)  protein

Question 11

Intracellular fluid (ICF) is found only within

Accepted Answer

A)  blood vessels. 
B)  lymph. 
C)  the cells of the body. 
D)  the interstitial space. 
E)  the cerebrospinal fluid. 
A)  blood vessels. 
B)  lymph. 
C)  the cells of the body. 
D)  the interstitial space. 
E)  the cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 12

The normal pH range for ECF is

Accepted Answer

A)  6.5 to 7.5. 
B)  6.8 to 7.2. 
C)  7 to 7.5. 
D)  7.35 to 7.45. 
E)  7.5 to 8.0. 
A)  6.5 to 7.5. 
B)  6.8 to 7.2. 
C)  7 to 7.5. 
D)  7.35 to 7.45. 
E)  7.5 to 8.0.

Question 13

Alice has been running a marathon and has only been drinking pure water. Which electrolyte imbalance isshelikely to experience?

Accepted Answer

A)  hyponatremia 
B)  hypernatremia 
C)  hypercalcemia 
D)  hypocalcemia 
E)  hyperkalemia 
A)  hyponatremia 
B)  hypernatremia 
C)  hypercalcemia 
D)  hypocalcemia 
E)  hyperkalemia

Question 14

Amino acids in solution contain both a negative and positive charge and thus are termed a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  anion. 
B)  cation. 
C)  acid. 
D)  base. 
E)  zwitterion. 
A)  anion. 
B)  cation. 
C)  acid. 
D)  base. 
E)  zwitterion.

Question 15

In an adult female, the body consists of about ________ percent water.

Accepted Answer

A)  60 
B)  50 
C)  40 
D)  70 
E)  80 
A)  60 
B)  50 
C)  40 
D)  70 
E)  80

Question 16

The primary role of the carbonic-acid-bicarbonate buffer system is to

Accepted Answer

A)  buffer stomach acid. 
B)  buffer carbonic acid formed by carbon dioxide. 
C)  limit pH changes caused by metabolic and fixed acids. 
D)  buffer the urine. 
E)  increase ventilation. 
A)  buffer stomach acid. 
B)  buffer carbonic acid formed by carbon dioxide. 
C)  limit pH changes caused by metabolic and fixed acids. 
D)  buffer the urine. 
E)  increase ventilation.

Question 17

Consuming a meal high in salt will

Accepted Answer

A)  drastically increase the osmolarity of the blood. 
B)  result in a temporary increase in blood volume. 
C)  decrease thirst. 
D)  cause hypotension. 
E)  activate the renin-angiotensin mechanism. 
A)  drastically increase the osmolarity of the blood. 
B)  result in a temporary increase in blood volume. 
C)  decrease thirst. 
D)  cause hypotension. 
E)  activate the renin-angiotensin mechanism.

Question 18

The anions in highest concentration in the extracellular fluid are

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate. 
B)  sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate. 
C)  sodium, potassium, and chloride. 
D)  proteins, bicarbonate, and chloride. 
E)  sodium, potassium, and phosphate. 
A)  sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate. 
B)  sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate. 
C)  sodium, potassium, and chloride. 
D)  proteins, bicarbonate, and chloride. 
E)  sodium, potassium, and phosphate.

Question 19

When the pH of the extracellular fluid drops, the kidneys

Accepted Answer

A)  excrete more hydrogen ions. 
B)  excrete more bicarbonate ions. 
C)  excrete fewer bicarbonate ions. 
D)  secrete more hydrogen ions and more bicarbonate ions. 
E)  secrete more hydrogen ions and fewer bicarbonate ions. 
A)  excrete more hydrogen ions. 
B)  excrete more bicarbonate ions. 
C)  excrete fewer bicarbonate ions. 
D)  secrete more hydrogen ions and more bicarbonate ions. 
E)  secrete more hydrogen ions and fewer bicarbonate ions.

Question 20

A person who consumes large amounts of sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) to settle an upset stomach risks

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory acidosis. 
B)  respiratory alkalosis. 
C)  metabolic acidosis. 
D)  metabolic alkalosis. 
E)  lactic acidosis. 
A)  respiratory acidosis. 
B)  respiratory alkalosis. 
C)  metabolic acidosis. 
D)  metabolic alkalosis. 
E)  lactic acidosis.

Exam 27: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

A person with emphysema will exhibit signs of

Extreme losses of bicarbonate ions, such as in diarrhea, will cause

________ acid is an acid that can leave solution and enter the atmosphere.

Homeostatic mechanisms that monitor and adjust the composition of body fluids respond to changes in the ________ fluid.

When water is lost, but electrolytes are retained,

A chemical that minimizes changes in the pH of a body fluid by releasing or binding hydrogen ion is calleda(n)

Which hormone plays a central role in determining the rate of sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion?

The principal ions in extracellular fluid are sodium, chloride, and

In response to respiratory alkalosis, the

A patient who has been both vomiting and having diarrhea is losing all of the following except ________from his body.

Intracellular fluid (ICF) is found only within

The normal pH range for ECF is

Alice has been running a marathon and has only been drinking pure water. Which electrolyte imbalance isshelikely to experience?

Amino acids in solution contain both a negative and positive charge and thus are termed a(n)

In an adult female, the body consists of about ________ percent water.

The primary role of the carbonic-acid-bicarbonate buffer system is to

Consuming a meal high in salt will

The anions in highest concentration in the extracellular fluid are

When the pH of the extracellular fluid drops, the kidneys

A person who consumes large amounts of sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) to settle an upset stomach risks

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Bones and Bone Structure

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism, Nutrition, and Energetics

The Urinary System

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

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