Question 1

The high level of intensification and long-term dependability of horticulture paved the way for the emergence of large urban settlements and the first states.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

What kinds of societies typically are associated with slash-and-burn cultivation?

Accepted Answer

A)  foraging societies 
B)  state-level societies 
C)  hydraulic societies 
D)  nonindustrial societies 
E)  nomadic societies 
A)  foraging societies 
B)  state-level societies 
C)  hydraulic societies 
D)  nonindustrial societies 
E)  nomadic societies

Question 3

In this chapter we learned that we should not view contemporary foragers as isolated or pristine survivors of the Stone Age. In fact, all societies, no matter how small or seemingly remote, are influenced by regional and even global forces. For example, the Kamayurá Indians, who live in the middle of Xingu National Park in Brazil, have had to deal with which of the following threats to their livelihood?

Accepted Answer

A)  the encroachment of guerrilla fighters and miners seeking tourmalines, a precious stone currently in high demand 
B)  drier weather from deforestation and climate change, and the negative impact that this has on their subsistence crops and the availability of food that they relied on through fishing and hunting 
C)  the encroachment of urban development of coastal Brazilians in search of a life closer to nature 
D)  pressure from missionaries attempting to transform them into a cash-crop society 
E)  unpredictable weather patterns that have increased precipitation in the region and turned jungle into swamp 
A)  the encroachment of guerrilla fighters and miners seeking tourmalines, a precious stone currently in high demand 
B)  drier weather from deforestation and climate change, and the negative impact that this has on their subsistence crops and the availability of food that they relied on through fishing and hunting 
C)  the encroachment of urban development of coastal Brazilians in search of a life closer to nature 
D)  pressure from missionaries attempting to transform them into a cash-crop society 
E)  unpredictable weather patterns that have increased precipitation in the region and turned jungle into swamp

Question 4

Despite differences arising from environmental variation, all foraging economies have shared one essential feature, their

Accepted Answer

A)  emphasis on devising new forms of organic pesticides. 
B)  reliance on welfare supplied by state-level societies. 
C)  willingness to test out new food-producing technologies to see if they are any better than what they are used to. 
D)  interest in developing irrigation technologies to control sources of water. 
E)  reliance on available natural resources for their subsistence, rather than controlling the reproduction of plants and animals. 
A)  emphasis on devising new forms of organic pesticides. 
B)  reliance on welfare supplied by state-level societies. 
C)  willingness to test out new food-producing technologies to see if they are any better than what they are used to. 
D)  interest in developing irrigation technologies to control sources of water. 
E)  reliance on available natural resources for their subsistence, rather than controlling the reproduction of plants and animals.

Question 5

Economic anthropologists have been concerned with two main questions, one focusing on systems of human behavior and the other on the individuals who participate in those systems. The first question is: How are production, distribution, and consumption organized in different societies? The second question is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Why has the myth of the profit-maximizing individual been so pervasive, despite evidence to the contrary? 
B)  What are the best ways to convince individuals in funding agencies of the value of ethnographic knowledge in the realm of economics? 
C)  What encourages overconsumption in Western economies? 
D)  What motivates people in different cultures to produce, distribute or exchange, and consume? 
E)  What has been the impact of globalization at the level of individuals? 
A)  Why has the myth of the profit-maximizing individual been so pervasive, despite evidence to the contrary? 
B)  What are the best ways to convince individuals in funding agencies of the value of ethnographic knowledge in the realm of economics? 
C)  What encourages overconsumption in Western economies? 
D)  What motivates people in different cultures to produce, distribute or exchange, and consume? 
E)  What has been the impact of globalization at the level of individuals?

Question 6

Is the contrast between horticulture and agriculture one of degree, or are they entirely separate practices? What is the difference between these two types of cultivation? Cite ethnographic evidence in your answer.

Accepted Answer

The contrast between horticulture and ag

Question 7

The market principle dominates economic activities in band-level foraging societies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

In recent times, many foraging groups have been exposed to the idea of food production but have never adopted it. Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  They did not have the skills or tools to do so. 
B)  Their own economies provided a perfectly adequate and nutritious diet, with a lot less work. 
C)  People naturally resist change, especially foragers. 
D)  They had to ask permission from the state to do so. 
E)  They did not realize the advantages of food production. 
A)  They did not have the skills or tools to do so. 
B)  Their own economies provided a perfectly adequate and nutritious diet, with a lot less work. 
C)  People naturally resist change, especially foragers. 
D)  They had to ask permission from the state to do so. 
E)  They did not realize the advantages of food production.

Question 9

This chapter's description of the San Bushmen's relation to the government of Botswana is a telling example of how

Accepted Answer

A)  foragers are willingly choosing to change their lifestyles and become a part of the global village. 
B)  foraging communities' identities are being reshaped by their relation with NGOs. 
C)  the foraging lifestyle has finally become a thing of the past. 
D)  more and more foragers have come under the control of nation-states and are now influenced by the forces of globalization. 
E)  human rights are limited. 
A)  foragers are willingly choosing to change their lifestyles and become a part of the global village. 
B)  foraging communities' identities are being reshaped by their relation with NGOs. 
C)  the foraging lifestyle has finally become a thing of the past. 
D)  more and more foragers have come under the control of nation-states and are now influenced by the forces of globalization. 
E)  human rights are limited.

Question 10

List the first four of Cohen's adaptive strategies and summarize the key features of each. What are the correlated variables for each strategy?

Accepted Answer

Cohen's adaptive strategies are a set of

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of band-level societies?

Accepted Answer

A)  an egalitarian social structure 
B)  nuclear families 
C)  the sexual division of labor 
D)  permanent villages 
E)  mechanisms of social control 
A)  an egalitarian social structure 
B)  nuclear families 
C)  the sexual division of labor 
D)  permanent villages 
E)  mechanisms of social control

Question 12

What is the term that refers to the type of pastoral economy in which part of the population moves with the herds while the rest stays in the village?

Accepted Answer

A)  balanced subsistence 
B)  discretionary pastoralism 
C)  pastoral transhumance 
D)  foraging 
E)  transhumant nomadism 
A)  balanced subsistence 
B)  discretionary pastoralism 
C)  pastoral transhumance 
D)  foraging 
E)  transhumant nomadism

Question 13

Unlike in industrial societies, where economic alienation is common, in nonindustrial societies,

Accepted Answer

A)  alienation is pervasive. 
B)  alienation is suffered only among the poorer classes. 
C)  social relations are embedded in all relations except the economic ones. 
D)  the relations of production, distribution, and consumption are social relations with economic aspects. 
E)  alienation is an ascribed status. 
A)  alienation is pervasive. 
B)  alienation is suffered only among the poorer classes. 
C)  social relations are embedded in all relations except the economic ones. 
D)  the relations of production, distribution, and consumption are social relations with economic aspects. 
E)  alienation is an ascribed status.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT associated with the market principle?

Accepted Answer

A)  the profit motive 
B)  the law of supply and demand 
C)  impersonal economic relations 
D)  industrialism 
E)  kin-based generalized reciprocity 
A)  the profit motive 
B)  the law of supply and demand 
C)  impersonal economic relations 
D)  industrialism 
E)  kin-based generalized reciprocity

Question 15

Intensive agriculture

Accepted Answer

A)  has a significant impact on the environment, but this impact is very localized and can be controlled. 
B)  can actually breed greater ecological diversity. 
C)  is not ecologically destructive when it is done with fuel-efficient machinery. 
D)  has significant environmental effects such as deforestation, water pollution, and reduction of ecological diversity. 
E)  is an ecological improvement over sectorial fallowing. 
A)  has a significant impact on the environment, but this impact is very localized and can be controlled. 
B)  can actually breed greater ecological diversity. 
C)  is not ecologically destructive when it is done with fuel-efficient machinery. 
D)  has significant environmental effects such as deforestation, water pollution, and reduction of ecological diversity. 
E)  is an ecological improvement over sectorial fallowing.

Question 16

A mode of production is a way of organizing production, whereas the means of production include the factors of production like land, labor, and technology.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following is most characteristic of foragers?

Accepted Answer

A)  unilineal descent and ancestor worship 
B)  territoriality and organized warfare 
C)  high mobility and small groups with flexible affiliations 
D)  a redistributive economy and specialized leadership roles 
E)  permanent villages and full-time priests 
A)  unilineal descent and ancestor worship 
B)  territoriality and organized warfare 
C)  high mobility and small groups with flexible affiliations 
D)  a redistributive economy and specialized leadership roles 
E)  permanent villages and full-time priests

Question 18

Foragers typically live in mobile bands that disperse in the dry season and aggregate in the rainy season.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

How is a rent fund different from a subsistence fund? Cite examples to clarify your argument.

Accepted Answer

A rent fund and a subsistence fund are t

Question 20

What are the means, or factors, of production?

Accepted Answer

A)  synonyms of a society's mode of production 
B)  a society's institutional mechanisms for making sure that everyone is productive 
C)  the ways a society organizes production 
D)  labor forces organized by kinship ties 
E)  a society's major productive resources, such as land and other natural resources, labor, technology, and capital 
A)  synonyms of a society's mode of production 
B)  a society's institutional mechanisms for making sure that everyone is productive 
C)  the ways a society organizes production 
D)  labor forces organized by kinship ties 
E)  a society's major productive resources, such as land and other natural resources, labor, technology, and capital

The high level of intensification and long-term dependability of horticulture paved the way for the emergence of large urban settlements and the first states.

What kinds of societies typically are associated with slash-and-burn cultivation?

Despite differences arising from environmental variation, all foraging economies have shared one essential feature, their

Is the contrast between horticulture and agriculture one of degree, or are they entirely separate practices? What is the difference between these two types of cultivation? Cite ethnographic evidence in your answer.

The market principle dominates economic activities in band-level foraging societies.

In recent times, many foraging groups have been exposed to the idea of food production but have never adopted it. Why?

This chapter's description of the San Bushmen's relation to the government of Botswana is a telling example of how

List the first four of Cohen's adaptive strategies and summarize the key features of each. What are the correlated variables for each strategy?

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of band-level societies?

What is the term that refers to the type of pastoral economy in which part of the population moves with the herds while the rest stays in the village?

Unlike in industrial societies, where economic alienation is common, in nonindustrial societies,

Which of the following is NOT associated with the market principle?

Intensive agriculture

A mode of production is a way of organizing production, whereas the means of production include the factors of production like land, labor, and technology.

Which of the following is most characteristic of foragers?

Foragers typically live in mobile bands that disperse in the dry season and aggregate in the rainy season.

How is a rent fund different from a subsistence fund? Cite examples to clarify your argument.

What are the means, or factors, of production?

What Is Anthropology

Culture

Method and Theory in Cultural Anthropology

Applying Anthropology

Language and Communication

Ethnicity and Race

Political Systems

Gender

Families, Kinship, and Descent

Marriage

Religion

Arts, Media, and Sports

The World System and Colonialism

Anthropologys Role in a Globalizing World

Filters

Exam 7: Making a Living

The high level of intensification and long-term dependability of horticulture paved the way for the emergence of large urban settlements and the first states.

What kinds of societies typically are associated with slash-and-burn cultivation?

Despite differences arising from environmental variation, all foraging economies have shared one essential feature, their

Is the contrast between horticulture and agriculture one of degree, or are they entirely separate practices? What is the difference between these two types of cultivation? Cite ethnographic evidence in your answer.

The market principle dominates economic activities in band-level foraging societies.

In recent times, many foraging groups have been exposed to the idea of food production but have never adopted it. Why?

This chapter's description of the San Bushmen's relation to the government of Botswana is a telling example of how

List the first four of Cohen's adaptive strategies and summarize the key features of each. What are the correlated variables for each strategy?

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of band-level societies?

What is the term that refers to the type of pastoral economy in which part of the population moves with the herds while the rest stays in the village?

Unlike in industrial societies, where economic alienation is common, in nonindustrial societies,

Which of the following is NOT associated with the market principle?

Intensive agriculture

A mode of production is a way of organizing production, whereas the means of production include the factors of production like land, labor, and technology.

Which of the following is most characteristic of foragers?

Foragers typically live in mobile bands that disperse in the dry season and aggregate in the rainy season.

How is a rent fund different from a subsistence fund? Cite examples to clarify your argument.

What are the means, or factors, of production?

What Is Anthropology

Culture

Method and Theory in Cultural Anthropology

Applying Anthropology

Language and Communication

Ethnicity and Race

Political Systems

Gender

Families, Kinship, and Descent

Marriage

Religion

Arts, Media, and Sports

The World System and Colonialism

Anthropologys Role in a Globalizing World

Filters