Exam 2: Culture

There are two meanings of globalization: globalization as fact and process, and globalization as ideology and contested policy. What is the primary and neutral meaning of globalization as is applicable to anthropology?

Diffusion plays an important role in spreading cultural traits around the world.

Culture can be adaptive or maladaptive. It is maladaptive when

The idea of universal and inalienable human rights that are superior to the laws and ethics of any culture can conflict with some of the ideas central to cultural relativism.

Indigenous cultures are at the mercy of the forces of globalization, as they can do nothing to stop threats to their cultural identity, autonomy, and livelihood.

Culture is transmitted in society.

How are cultural rights different from human rights?

What is the term for the kind of cultural change that results when two or more cultures have consistent firsthand contact?

Although culture is one of the principal means humans use to adapt to their environment, some cultural traits can be harmful to a group's survival.

In anthropology, cultural relativism is not a moral position but a methodological one. It states that

The incest taboo is a cultural universal, but

Although there are many different levels of culture, an individual can participate in only one level at a time.

Although rap music originated in the United States, it is now popular all over the world. Which of the following mechanisms of cultural change is responsible for this?

In many countries, use of the English language reflects a colonial history and is thus a consequence of forced diffusion.

Although humans do employ tools much more than any other animal does, tool use also turns up among several nonhuman species, including birds, beavers, sea otters, and apes.

Which of the following is an example of independent invention, the process by which people in different societies have innovated and changed in similar but independent ways?

Practice theory recognizes that the study of anthropology takes a lot of practice before resulting in accurate descriptions of a culture.

Which of the following statements about subcultures is NOT true?

Culture is transmitted by both formal and informal instruction, but not by observation.

Acculturation is the process by which people lose the culture that they learned as children.