Question 1

Which feature is considered anaplastic?

Accepted Answer

A) Loss of a distinctive appearance 
B) Having a larger nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio 
C) Failure to undergo apoptosis at the appropriate time 
D) The ability to undergo mitosis when nutrition is poor 
A) Loss of a distinctive appearance 
B) Having a larger nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio 
C) Failure to undergo apoptosis at the appropriate time 
D) The ability to undergo mitosis when nutrition is poor

Question 2

A patient states that she has heard that the origin of most cancers is "genetic." What is the best response?

Accepted Answer

A) "The development of most cancers is predetermined and not affected by environmental factors." 
B) "Cancers arise in cells that have alterations in the genes." 
C) "Cancer is more common among males than females." 
D) "The majority of cancers are inherited." 
A) "The development of most cancers is predetermined and not affected by environmental factors." 
B) "Cancers arise in cells that have alterations in the genes." 
C) "Cancer is more common among males than females." 
D) "The majority of cancers are inherited."

Question 3

Which characteristic(s) is/are associated with an inherited predisposition for a cancer type?

Accepted Answer

A) Cancers tend to appear at an earlier age than do "sporadic" cancers. 
B) These cancers are not picked up by routine cancer screening methods. 
C) The carcinogenesis stage of "promotion" is not required for cancer development. 
D) They are passed on only to the children of the same gender as the parent with the predisposition. 
A) Cancers tend to appear at an earlier age than do "sporadic" cancers. 
B) These cancers are not picked up by routine cancer screening methods. 
C) The carcinogenesis stage of "promotion" is not required for cancer development. 
D) They are passed on only to the children of the same gender as the parent with the predisposition.

Question 4

How are malignant tumors different from benign tumors?

Accepted Answer

A) Malignant tumors grow by expansion, and benign tumors grow by invasion. 
B) Malignant tumors lose plasma membranes, and benign tumors continue to produce them. 
C) Benign tumors retain parental cell functions, and malignant tumors lose parental cell functions. 
D) Benign tumors have totally normal features, and malignant tumors have totally abnormal features. 
A) Malignant tumors grow by expansion, and benign tumors grow by invasion. 
B) Malignant tumors lose plasma membranes, and benign tumors continue to produce them. 
C) Benign tumors retain parental cell functions, and malignant tumors lose parental cell functions. 
D) Benign tumors have totally normal features, and malignant tumors have totally abnormal features.

Question 5

What percentage of common cancers appears to be hereditary?

Accepted Answer

A) 1% to 3% 
B) 5% to 15% 
C) 20% to 25% 
D) About 35% 
A) 1% to 3% 
B) 5% to 15% 
C) 20% to 25% 
D) About 35%

Question 6

Juliet tells a nurse that she has three aunts (two on her father's side, ages 42 and 56, and one on her mother's side, age 62) who were diagnosed with breastcancer. She asks if she should have genetic testing. What should the nurse tell her?

Accepted Answer

A) "Your family history indicates a high risk, and you should definitely have genetic testing." 
B) "Because no men in your family are affected, it is not inherited cancer, so you don't need mammograms or any special screening practices." 
C) "Because your aunts were older when they got breast cancer, it was probably sporadic, and you should just have regular mammograms like everyone else." 
D) "Your family history may indicate an increased risk for breast cancer, and a genetic counselor could help determine whether you could benefit from genetic testing." 
A) "Your family history indicates a high risk, and you should definitely have genetic testing." 
B) "Because no men in your family are affected, it is not inherited cancer, so you don't need mammograms or any special screening practices." 
C) "Because your aunts were older when they got breast cancer, it was probably sporadic, and you should just have regular mammograms like everyone else." 
D) "Your family history may indicate an increased risk for breast cancer, and a genetic counselor could help determine whether you could benefit from genetic testing."

Question 7

By which process does "promotion" assist in cancer development?

Accepted Answer

A) Inflicting mutations at specific sites on the exposed cell's DNA 
B) Stimulating or enhancing cell division of cells damaged by a carcinogen 
C) Increasing the transformed cell's capacity for error-free DNA repair 
D) Making cancer cells appear more normal and escaping immunosurveillance 
A) Inflicting mutations at specific sites on the exposed cell's DNA 
B) Stimulating or enhancing cell division of cells damaged by a carcinogen 
C) Increasing the transformed cell's capacity for error-free DNA repair 
D) Making cancer cells appear more normal and escaping immunosurveillance

Question 8

Which cancer type is associated with a 9;22 translocation t(9;22)?

Accepted Answer

A) Acute promyelocytic leukemia 
B) Acute lymphocytic leukemia 
C) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia 
D) Chronic myelogenous leukemia 
A) Acute promyelocytic leukemia 
B) Acute lymphocytic leukemia 
C) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia 
D) Chronic myelogenous leukemia

Question 9

What is the function of a normal BRCA1 gene?

Accepted Answer

A) Enhances overall cell growth during puberty 
B) Directs the development of normal breast tissue 
C) Increases the expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes 
D) Suppresses the growth potential of a variety of oncogenes 
A) Enhances overall cell growth during puberty 
B) Directs the development of normal breast tissue 
C) Increases the expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes 
D) Suppresses the growth potential of a variety of oncogenes

Question 10

Which personal factors indicate the possibility of a person having a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) The person has an adopted sister with ovarian cancer. 
B) The person's brother was diagnosed with breast cancer. 
C) The person has always been 20 lb overweight as an adult. 
D) The patient's father died of pancreatic cancer at age 44. 
E)  The person is of Ashkenazi Jewish ethnicity. F. The person's 78-year-old grandmother was just diagnosed with breast cancer. 
A) The person has an adopted sister with ovarian cancer. 
B) The person's brother was diagnosed with breast cancer. 
C) The person has always been 20 lb overweight as an adult. 
D) The patient's father died of pancreatic cancer at age 44. 
E)  The person is of Ashkenazi Jewish ethnicity. F. The person's 78-year-old grandmother was just diagnosed with breast cancer.

Which feature is considered anaplastic?

A patient states that she has heard that the origin of most cancers is "genetic." What is the best response?

Which characteristic(s) is/are associated with an inherited predisposition for a cancer type?

How are malignant tumors different from benign tumors?

What percentage of common cancers appears to be hereditary?

Juliet tells a nurse that she has three aunts (two on her father's side, ages 42 and 56, and one on her mother's side, age 62) who were diagnosed with breastcancer. She asks if she should have genetic testing. What should the nurse tell her?

By which process does "promotion" assist in cancer development?

Which cancer type is associated with a 9;22 translocation t(9;22)?

What is the function of a normal BRCA1 gene?

Which personal factors indicate the possibility of a person having a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation? Select all that apply.

DNA Structure and Function

Protein Synthesis

Genetic Influence on Cell Division, Differentiation, and Gametogenesis

Patterns of Inheritance

Epigenetic Influences on Gene Expression

Autosomal Inheritance and Disorders

Sex Chromosome and Mitochondrial Inheritance and Disorders

Family History and Pedigree Construction

Congenital Anomalies, Basic Dysmorphology, and Genetic Assessment

Enzyme and Collagen Disorders

Common Childhood-Onset Genetic Disorders

Common Adult-Onset Disorders

Cardiovascular Disorders

Genetic Contributions to Psychiatric and Behavioral Disorders

Genetic and Genomic Testing

Assessing Genomic Variation in Drug Response

Health Professionals and Genomic Care

Financial, Ethical, Legal, and Social Considerations

Genetic and Genomic Variation

Filters

Exam 14: The Genetics of Cancer

Which feature is considered anaplastic?

A patient states that she has heard that the origin of most cancers is "genetic." What is the best response?

Which characteristic(s) is/are associated with an inherited predisposition for a cancer type?

How are malignant tumors different from benign tumors?

What percentage of common cancers appears to be hereditary?

Juliet tells a nurse that she has three aunts (two on her father's side, ages 42 and 56, and one on her mother's side, age 62) who were diagnosed with breastcancer. She asks if she should have genetic testing. What should the nurse tell her?

By which process does "promotion" assist in cancer development?

Which cancer type is associated with a 9;22 translocation t(9;22)?

What is the function of a normal BRCA1 gene?

Which personal factors indicate the possibility of a person having a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation? Select all that apply.

DNA Structure and Function

Protein Synthesis

Genetic Influence on Cell Division, Differentiation, and Gametogenesis

Patterns of Inheritance

Epigenetic Influences on Gene Expression

Autosomal Inheritance and Disorders

Sex Chromosome and Mitochondrial Inheritance and Disorders

Family History and Pedigree Construction

Congenital Anomalies, Basic Dysmorphology, and Genetic Assessment

Enzyme and Collagen Disorders

Common Childhood-Onset Genetic Disorders

Common Adult-Onset Disorders

Cardiovascular Disorders

Genetic Contributions to Psychiatric and Behavioral Disorders

Genetic and Genomic Testing

Assessing Genomic Variation in Drug Response

Health Professionals and Genomic Care

Financial, Ethical, Legal, and Social Considerations

Genetic and Genomic Variation

Filters