Question 1

Which ethnic group is at higher risk for stroke caused by factor V Leiden?

Accepted Answer

A) Ashkenazi Jews 
B) African Americans 
C) Caucasians from Northern Europe 
D) French Canadians from the Quebec area 
A) Ashkenazi Jews 
B) African Americans 
C) Caucasians from Northern Europe 
D) French Canadians from the Quebec area C

Question 2

Which health problem is the most frequent cause of sudden cardiac death among young athletes?

Accepted Answer

A) Atrial fibrillation 
B) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 
C) Familial hypercholesterolemia type 1 
D) Romano-Ward form of long QT syndrome 
A) Atrial fibrillation 
B) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 
C) Familial hypercholesterolemia type 1 
D) Romano-Ward form of long QT syndrome B

Question 3

What term is used to describe the gene-to-gene interaction in which the action of one gene modifies the expression of a different gene?

Accepted Answer

A) Epistasis 
B) Heterogeneity 
C) Genomic imprinting 
D) Epigenetic penetrance 
A) Epistasis 
B) Heterogeneity 
C) Genomic imprinting 
D) Epigenetic penetrance A

Question 4

Which total plasma cholesterol levels are most likely to be present in people who are homozygous for an allele that causes familial hypercholesterolemia?

Accepted Answer

A) 100 mg/dL to 200 mg/dL 
B) 200 mg/dL to 300 mg/dL 
C) 400 mg/dL to 500 mg/dL 
D) 600 mg/dL to 1,200 mg/dL 
A) 100 mg/dL to 200 mg/dL 
B) 200 mg/dL to 300 mg/dL 
C) 400 mg/dL to 500 mg/dL 
D) 600 mg/dL to 1,200 mg/dL

Question 5

What do the known monogenic disorders that result in the expression of hypertension have in common?

Accepted Answer

A) An error in the ability of vascular smooth muscle to contract 
B) An error in the ability of vascular smooth muscle to relax 
C) Excessive kidney reabsorption of sodium 
D) Excessive kidney excretion of potassium 
A) An error in the ability of vascular smooth muscle to contract 
B) An error in the ability of vascular smooth muscle to relax 
C) Excessive kidney reabsorption of sodium 
D) Excessive kidney excretion of potassium

Question 6

Which problem associated with Tangier disease increases the risk for coronary artery disease?

Accepted Answer

A) Low levels of triglycerides 
B) High levels of triglycerides 
C) Low levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) 
D) High levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) 
A) Low levels of triglycerides 
B) High levels of triglycerides 
C) Low levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) 
D) High levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)

Question 7

For patients who have familial hypercholesterolemia, what should be the focus of teaching for blood cholesterol reduction?

Accepted Answer

A) Eliminating animal fats from the diet 
B) Increasing the amount of fruit in the diet 
C) Exercising at least 4 to 5 hours every week 
D) Taking the lipid-lowering drug as prescribed 
A) Eliminating animal fats from the diet 
B) Increasing the amount of fruit in the diet 
C) Exercising at least 4 to 5 hours every week 
D) Taking the lipid-lowering drug as prescribed

Question 8

What is the genetic contribution to the development of the most common forms of atherosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Variation in a variety of genes, with each exerting a small effect 
B) Disordered mitochondrial function reducing energy production 
C) Genetic predisposition expressed after exposure to a viral trigger 
D) Single-gene mutation following autosomal-dominant inheritance 
A) Variation in a variety of genes, with each exerting a small effect 
B) Disordered mitochondrial function reducing energy production 
C) Genetic predisposition expressed after exposure to a viral trigger 
D) Single-gene mutation following autosomal-dominant inheritance

Question 9

Why is determining the genetic contribution to the onset of stroke difficult?

Accepted Answer

A) Stroke classification and phenotype remain heterogeneous. 
B) Comorbidities mask the symptoms and delay the diagnosis. 
C) Environmental risk factors have equal contribution to the problem. 
D) Often the person with a stroke cannot provide accurate family information. 
A) Stroke classification and phenotype remain heterogeneous. 
B) Comorbidities mask the symptoms and delay the diagnosis. 
C) Environmental risk factors have equal contribution to the problem. 
D) Often the person with a stroke cannot provide accurate family information.

Question 10

Why is factor V Leiden disorder considered a form of thrombophilia?

Accepted Answer

A) Platelet activity is impaired. 
B) Blood clots form more easily. 
C) Atherosclerosis development is accelerated. 
D) Excessive bleeding episodes occur in response to minor trauma. 
A) Platelet activity is impaired. 
B) Blood clots form more easily. 
C) Atherosclerosis development is accelerated. 
D) Excessive bleeding episodes occur in response to minor trauma.

Question 11

Why is the mitochondrial disease MELAS, which results in stroke-like episodes in addition to encephalopathy and lactic acidosis, only transmitted by a motherand not by an affected father?

Accepted Answer

A) The mitochondria are in the cytoplasm, and virtually all the cytoplasm comes from the egg and is thus maternally inherited. 
B) This is an X-linked-recessive condition, so the father can only transmit the gene to his daughters and not to his sons. 
C) Mitochondria are in the cytoplasm and are not equally divided during gamete formation in meiosis. 
D) MELAS reduces the percentage of Y-carrying sperm in affected males. 
A) The mitochondria are in the cytoplasm, and virtually all the cytoplasm comes from the egg and is thus maternally inherited. 
B) This is an X-linked-recessive condition, so the father can only transmit the gene to his daughters and not to his sons. 
C) Mitochondria are in the cytoplasm and are not equally divided during gamete formation in meiosis. 
D) MELAS reduces the percentage of Y-carrying sperm in affected males.

Question 12

Which lethal cardiac arrhythmia can occur as a complication of long QT syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A) Atrial node reentry tachycardia 
B) Prolonged atrial fibrillation 
C) Mitral valve prolapse 
D) Torsade de pointes 
A) Atrial node reentry tachycardia 
B) Prolonged atrial fibrillation 
C) Mitral valve prolapse 
D) Torsade de pointes

Question 13

Which variable in a person with coronary artery disease (CAD) increases the likelihood of a strong genetic influence in its expression?

Accepted Answer

A) The disorder is not present in the person's dizygotic twin. 
B) The disorder is present in a woman whose father had CAD. 
C) The affected person has eaten a vegetarian diet for the past 5 years. 
D) The disorder is present in about 5% of the person's maternal family members. 
A) The disorder is not present in the person's dizygotic twin. 
B) The disorder is present in a woman whose father had CAD. 
C) The affected person has eaten a vegetarian diet for the past 5 years. 
D) The disorder is present in about 5% of the person's maternal family members.

Question 14

How does factor V Leiden increase the likelihood of stroke?

Accepted Answer

A) Factor V Leiden activates protein C. 
B) Factor V Leiden increases thrombin formation. 
C) People affected with factor V Leiden have increased blood viscosity. 
D) Affected people have a type of factor V that is resistant to activated protein C. 
A) Factor V Leiden activates protein C. 
B) Factor V Leiden increases thrombin formation. 
C) People affected with factor V Leiden have increased blood viscosity. 
D) Affected people have a type of factor V that is resistant to activated protein C.

Question 15

Your patient has been diagnosed with long QT syndrome (LQTS). What do you know about this heart rhythm problem?

Accepted Answer

A) LQTS is a congenital genetic disease that will be evident during the first 2 years of life. 
B) It is relatively rare and often caused by private mutations. 
C) LQTS is treated in the same way, no matter the cause. 
D) Deafness always accompanies LQTS. 
A) LQTS is a congenital genetic disease that will be evident during the first 2 years of life. 
B) It is relatively rare and often caused by private mutations. 
C) LQTS is treated in the same way, no matter the cause. 
D) Deafness always accompanies LQTS.

Question 16

Which condition or factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) suggests a greater genetic contribution than environmental contribution to its development?

Accepted Answer

A) When a person develops CAD 5 years after quitting smoking 
B) When CAD occurs in a person who has normal blood pressure 
C) When CAD is diagnosed in a person who is younger than 50 years 
D) When low-density lipoprotein levels can be reduced by dietary changes alone 
A) When a person develops CAD 5 years after quitting smoking 
B) When CAD occurs in a person who has normal blood pressure 
C) When CAD is diagnosed in a person who is younger than 50 years 
D) When low-density lipoprotein levels can be reduced by dietary changes alone

Question 17

Which physical finding in a 30-year-old man suggests the possibility of familial hypercholesterolemia?

Accepted Answer

A) Lipomas 
B) Xanthomas 
C) Osteoarthritis 
D) Hemangiomas 
A) Lipomas 
B) Xanthomas 
C) Osteoarthritis 
D) Hemangiomas

Question 18

The process in which gene variants interact with other gene variants to cause disease can be described by what word/phrase?

Accepted Answer

A) Phenotype variation 
B) Reduced penetrance 
C) Epistasis 
D) Variable expressivity 
A) Phenotype variation 
B) Reduced penetrance 
C) Epistasis 
D) Variable expressivity

Question 19

What is the most accurate classification of the common forms of coronary artery disease and hypertension?

Accepted Answer

A) Secondary disorders caused by lifestyle choices 
B) Sequential genetic disorders related to age, ethnicity, and gender 
C) Complex disorders resulting from gene-environment interactions 
D) Primary disorders with an autosomal-dominant pattern of inheritance 
A) Secondary disorders caused by lifestyle choices 
B) Sequential genetic disorders related to age, ethnicity, and gender 
C) Complex disorders resulting from gene-environment interactions 
D) Primary disorders with an autosomal-dominant pattern of inheritance

Question 20

Which statement about atrial fibrillation is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) It is the most common genetic cardiac disorder worldwide. 
B) A variety of different genes can contribute to its expression. 
C) It is found exclusively in adults over 60 years old. 
D) When severe, it leads to long QT syndrome. 
A) It is the most common genetic cardiac disorder worldwide. 
B) A variety of different genes can contribute to its expression. 
C) It is found exclusively in adults over 60 years old. 
D) When severe, it leads to long QT syndrome.

Which ethnic group is at higher risk for stroke caused by factor V Leiden?

Which health problem is the most frequent cause of sudden cardiac death among young athletes?

What term is used to describe the gene-to-gene interaction in which the action of one gene modifies the expression of a different gene?

Which total plasma cholesterol levels are most likely to be present in people who are homozygous for an allele that causes familial hypercholesterolemia?

What do the known monogenic disorders that result in the expression of hypertension have in common?

Which problem associated with Tangier disease increases the risk for coronary artery disease?

For patients who have familial hypercholesterolemia, what should be the focus of teaching for blood cholesterol reduction?

What is the genetic contribution to the development of the most common forms of atherosclerosis?

Why is determining the genetic contribution to the onset of stroke difficult?

Why is factor V Leiden disorder considered a form of thrombophilia?

Why is the mitochondrial disease MELAS, which results in stroke-like episodes in addition to encephalopathy and lactic acidosis, only transmitted by a motherand not by an affected father?

Which lethal cardiac arrhythmia can occur as a complication of long QT syndrome?

Which variable in a person with coronary artery disease (CAD) increases the likelihood of a strong genetic influence in its expression?

How does factor V Leiden increase the likelihood of stroke?

Your patient has been diagnosed with long QT syndrome (LQTS). What do you know about this heart rhythm problem?

Which condition or factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) suggests a greater genetic contribution than environmental contribution to its development?

Which physical finding in a 30-year-old man suggests the possibility of familial hypercholesterolemia?

The process in which gene variants interact with other gene variants to cause disease can be described by what word/phrase?

What is the most accurate classification of the common forms of coronary artery disease and hypertension?

Which statement about atrial fibrillation is correct?

DNA Structure and Function

Protein Synthesis

Genetic Influence on Cell Division, Differentiation, and Gametogenesis

Patterns of Inheritance

Epigenetic Influences on Gene Expression

Autosomal Inheritance and Disorders

Sex Chromosome and Mitochondrial Inheritance and Disorders

Family History and Pedigree Construction

Congenital Anomalies, Basic Dysmorphology, and Genetic Assessment

Enzyme and Collagen Disorders

Common Childhood-Onset Genetic Disorders

Common Adult-Onset Disorders

The Genetics of Cancer

Genetic Contributions to Psychiatric and Behavioral Disorders

Genetic and Genomic Testing

Assessing Genomic Variation in Drug Response

Health Professionals and Genomic Care

Financial, Ethical, Legal, and Social Considerations

Genetic and Genomic Variation

Filters

Exam 13: Cardiovascular Disorders

Which ethnic group is at higher risk for stroke caused by factor V Leiden?

Which health problem is the most frequent cause of sudden cardiac death among young athletes?

What term is used to describe the gene-to-gene interaction in which the action of one gene modifies the expression of a different gene?

Which total plasma cholesterol levels are most likely to be present in people who are homozygous for an allele that causes familial hypercholesterolemia?

What do the known monogenic disorders that result in the expression of hypertension have in common?

Which problem associated with Tangier disease increases the risk for coronary artery disease?

For patients who have familial hypercholesterolemia, what should be the focus of teaching for blood cholesterol reduction?

What is the genetic contribution to the development of the most common forms of atherosclerosis?

Why is determining the genetic contribution to the onset of stroke difficult?

Why is factor V Leiden disorder considered a form of thrombophilia?

Why is the mitochondrial disease MELAS, which results in stroke-like episodes in addition to encephalopathy and lactic acidosis, only transmitted by a motherand not by an affected father?

Which lethal cardiac arrhythmia can occur as a complication of long QT syndrome?

Which variable in a person with coronary artery disease (CAD) increases the likelihood of a strong genetic influence in its expression?

How does factor V Leiden increase the likelihood of stroke?

Your patient has been diagnosed with long QT syndrome (LQTS). What do you know about this heart rhythm problem?

Which condition or factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) suggests a greater genetic contribution than environmental contribution to its development?

Which physical finding in a 30-year-old man suggests the possibility of familial hypercholesterolemia?

The process in which gene variants interact with other gene variants to cause disease can be described by what word/phrase?

What is the most accurate classification of the common forms of coronary artery disease and hypertension?

Which statement about atrial fibrillation is correct?

DNA Structure and Function

Protein Synthesis

Genetic Influence on Cell Division, Differentiation, and Gametogenesis

Patterns of Inheritance

Epigenetic Influences on Gene Expression

Autosomal Inheritance and Disorders

Sex Chromosome and Mitochondrial Inheritance and Disorders

Family History and Pedigree Construction

Congenital Anomalies, Basic Dysmorphology, and Genetic Assessment

Enzyme and Collagen Disorders

Common Childhood-Onset Genetic Disorders

Common Adult-Onset Disorders

The Genetics of Cancer

Genetic Contributions to Psychiatric and Behavioral Disorders

Genetic and Genomic Testing

Assessing Genomic Variation in Drug Response

Health Professionals and Genomic Care

Financial, Ethical, Legal, and Social Considerations

Genetic and Genomic Variation

Filters