Question 1

The protein glucagon contains 29 amino acids in its active linear form. What is the minimum number of bases present in the mature messenger RNA for this protein?

Accepted Answer

A) 29 
B) 58 
C) 87 
D) 116 
A) 29 
B) 58 
C) 87 
D) 116

Question 2

What is the expected result of a "nonsense" point mutation?

Accepted Answer

A) Total disruption of the gene reading frame, no production of protein 
B) Replacement of one amino acid with another in the final gene product 
C) Replacing an amino acid codon with a "stop" codon, resulting in a truncated protein product 
D) No change in amino acid sequence and no change in the composition of the protein product 
A) Total disruption of the gene reading frame, no production of protein 
B) Replacement of one amino acid with another in the final gene product 
C) Replacing an amino acid codon with a "stop" codon, resulting in a truncated protein product 
D) No change in amino acid sequence and no change in the composition of the protein product

Question 3

A person who is worried that he may have inherited the gene mutation for Huntington disease is told that he has the "wild-type" form of this gene. What is thebestinterpretation of this finding?

Accepted Answer

A) His gene for Huntington disease (H
D)  has more "hot spots" for mutations than the general population. 
B) His Huntington disease has unusual mutations of unknown significance. 
C) His Huntington disease gene is considered normal. 
D) He has no Huntington disease gene. 
A) His gene for Huntington disease (H
D)  has more "hot spots" for mutations than the general population. 
B) His Huntington disease has unusual mutations of unknown significance. 
C) His Huntington disease gene is considered normal. 
D) He has no Huntington disease gene.

Question 4

What is the function of ribosomes (also known as ribosomal RNA) in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) Allow interpretation of the two strands of DNA to determine which is the "sense" strand and which is the "antisense" strand 
B) Serve as the coordinator mechanism to allow proper reading of the mRNA and placement of the correct amino acid in the sequence by the tRNAs 
C) Allow further processing of synthesized proteins (posttranslational modification) in order to ensure that the final product is physiologically active 
D) Serve as transport molecules able to move a specific amino acid to the site of protein synthesis (peptide chain elongation) in the correct sequence 
A) Allow interpretation of the two strands of DNA to determine which is the "sense" strand and which is the "antisense" strand 
B) Serve as the coordinator mechanism to allow proper reading of the mRNA and placement of the correct amino acid in the sequence by the tRNAs 
C) Allow further processing of synthesized proteins (posttranslational modification) in order to ensure that the final product is physiologically active 
D) Serve as transport molecules able to move a specific amino acid to the site of protein synthesis (peptide chain elongation) in the correct sequence

Question 5

What would be the sequence of RNA complementary to single-stranded DNA with the base sequence of ACCTGAACGTCGCTA?

Accepted Answer

A) TGGACTTGCAGCGAT 
B) ACCTGAACGTCGCTA 
C) UGGACUUGCAGCGAU 
D) ACCUGAACGUCGCUA 
A) TGGACTTGCAGCGAT 
B) ACCTGAACGTCGCTA 
C) UGGACUUGCAGCGAU 
D) ACCUGAACGUCGCUA

Question 6

How does replacement of thymine with uracil in messenger RNA help in the process of protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) Allowing messenger RNA to leave the nucleus 
B) Ensuring only the "antisense" strand of DNA is transcribed 
C) Determining the placement of the "start" signal for translation 
D) Promoting posttranslational modification for conversion to an active protein 
A) Allowing messenger RNA to leave the nucleus 
B) Ensuring only the "antisense" strand of DNA is transcribed 
C) Determining the placement of the "start" signal for translation 
D) Promoting posttranslational modification for conversion to an active protein

Question 7

What is the relationship among genes, DNA, and proteins?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA is composed of a series of amino acids that provide the directions for synthesizing proteins. 
B) Protein is composed of DNA that is organized into specific gene sequences called amino acids. 
C) A gene is a section of DNA that provides the directions for synthesizing a specific protein. 
D) Proteins are the nitrogenous bases that form double strands of DNA in its helical shape. 
A) DNA is composed of a series of amino acids that provide the directions for synthesizing proteins. 
B) Protein is composed of DNA that is organized into specific gene sequences called amino acids. 
C) A gene is a section of DNA that provides the directions for synthesizing a specific protein. 
D) Proteins are the nitrogenous bases that form double strands of DNA in its helical shape.

Question 8

Which events, structures, or processes are likely to trigger transcription of the beta-globin gene?

Accepted Answer

A) Anemia and TATA boxes upstream from the beta-globin gene 
B) Anemia and polyadenylation downstream from the beta-globin gene 
C) Polycythemia and TATA boxes upstream from the beta-globin gene 
D) Polycythemia and polyadenylation downstream from the beta-globin gene 
A) Anemia and TATA boxes upstream from the beta-globin gene 
B) Anemia and polyadenylation downstream from the beta-globin gene 
C) Polycythemia and TATA boxes upstream from the beta-globin gene 
D) Polycythemia and polyadenylation downstream from the beta-globin gene

Question 9

Which factor has the greatest influence on protein tertiary structure?

Accepted Answer

A) The presence of a poly-A tail 
B) The specific amino acids that are in close proximity to each other 
C) Bond formation between amino acids that are distant from each other 
D) The number and position of additional proteins needed to form the complex structure 
A) The presence of a poly-A tail 
B) The specific amino acids that are in close proximity to each other 
C) Bond formation between amino acids that are distant from each other 
D) The number and position of additional proteins needed to form the complex structure

Question 10

Which statement about single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is true?

Accepted Answer

A) SNPs can change an exon sequence into an intron sequence. 
B) SNPs can change an intron sequence into an exon sequence. 
C) SNPs are generally responsible for frameshift mutations. 
D) SNPs are generally responsible for point mutations. 
A) SNPs can change an exon sequence into an intron sequence. 
B) SNPs can change an intron sequence into an exon sequence. 
C) SNPs are generally responsible for frameshift mutations. 
D) SNPs are generally responsible for point mutations.

Question 11

Which feature or characteristic is most critical for protein function or activity?

Accepted Answer

A) The number of amino acids 
B) The sequence of amino acids 
C) Deletion of all active exons 
D) Transcription occurring after translation 
A) The number of amino acids 
B) The sequence of amino acids 
C) Deletion of all active exons 
D) Transcription occurring after translation

The protein glucagon contains 29 amino acids in its active linear form. What is the minimum number of bases present in the mature messenger RNA for this protein?

What is the expected result of a "nonsense" point mutation?

A person who is worried that he may have inherited the gene mutation for Huntington disease is told that he has the "wild-type" form of this gene. What is thebestinterpretation of this finding?

What is the function of ribosomes (also known as ribosomal RNA) in protein synthesis?

What would be the sequence of RNA complementary to single-stranded DNA with the base sequence of ACCTGAACGTCGCTA?

How does replacement of thymine with uracil in messenger RNA help in the process of protein synthesis?

What is the relationship among genes, DNA, and proteins?

Which events, structures, or processes are likely to trigger transcription of the beta-globin gene?

Which factor has the greatest influence on protein tertiary structure?

Which statement about single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is true?

Which feature or characteristic is most critical for protein function or activity?

DNA Structure and Function

Genetic Influence on Cell Division, Differentiation, and Gametogenesis

Patterns of Inheritance

Epigenetic Influences on Gene Expression

Autosomal Inheritance and Disorders

Sex Chromosome and Mitochondrial Inheritance and Disorders

Family History and Pedigree Construction

Congenital Anomalies, Basic Dysmorphology, and Genetic Assessment

Enzyme and Collagen Disorders

Common Childhood-Onset Genetic Disorders

Common Adult-Onset Disorders

Cardiovascular Disorders

The Genetics of Cancer

Genetic Contributions to Psychiatric and Behavioral Disorders

Genetic and Genomic Testing

Assessing Genomic Variation in Drug Response

Health Professionals and Genomic Care

Financial, Ethical, Legal, and Social Considerations

Genetic and Genomic Variation

Filters

Exam 2: Protein Synthesis

The protein glucagon contains 29 amino acids in its active linear form. What is the minimum number of bases present in the mature messenger RNA for this protein?

What is the expected result of a "nonsense" point mutation?

A person who is worried that he may have inherited the gene mutation for Huntington disease is told that he has the "wild-type" form of this gene. What is thebestinterpretation of this finding?

What is the function of ribosomes (also known as ribosomal RNA) in protein synthesis?

What would be the sequence of RNA complementary to single-stranded DNA with the base sequence of ACCTGAACGTCGCTA?

How does replacement of thymine with uracil in messenger RNA help in the process of protein synthesis?

What is the relationship among genes, DNA, and proteins?

Which events, structures, or processes are likely to trigger transcription of the beta-globin gene?

Which factor has the greatest influence on protein tertiary structure?

Which statement about single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is true?

Which feature or characteristic is most critical for protein function or activity?

DNA Structure and Function

Genetic Influence on Cell Division, Differentiation, and Gametogenesis

Patterns of Inheritance

Epigenetic Influences on Gene Expression

Autosomal Inheritance and Disorders

Sex Chromosome and Mitochondrial Inheritance and Disorders

Family History and Pedigree Construction

Congenital Anomalies, Basic Dysmorphology, and Genetic Assessment

Enzyme and Collagen Disorders

Common Childhood-Onset Genetic Disorders

Common Adult-Onset Disorders

Cardiovascular Disorders

The Genetics of Cancer

Genetic Contributions to Psychiatric and Behavioral Disorders

Genetic and Genomic Testing

Assessing Genomic Variation in Drug Response

Health Professionals and Genomic Care

Financial, Ethical, Legal, and Social Considerations

Genetic and Genomic Variation

Filters