Question 1

Hypokalemia means:

Accepted Answer

A) Low potassium 
B) Low vitamin K 
C) Low calcium 
D) High potassium 
A) Low potassium 
B) Low vitamin K 
C) Low calcium 
D) High potassium A

Question 2

Pioglitazone is used to treat:

Accepted Answer

A) Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T₁DM) 
B) Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T₂DM) 
C) T₁DM and T₂DM 
D) None of the above 
A) Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T₁DM) 
B) Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T₂DM) 
C) T₁DM and T₂DM 
D) None of the above B

Question 3

What is the first-line treatment for T₂DM?

Accepted Answer

A) Lifestyle changes 
B) Oral hypoglycemic medications 
C) Insulin 
D) All of the above 
A) Lifestyle changes 
B) Oral hypoglycemic medications 
C) Insulin 
D) All of the above A

Question 4

Glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, have all of the following effects except:

Accepted Answer

A) Increases glucose levels. 
B) Increases inflammation. 
C) Increases the capacity to cope with stress. 
D) All of the above are effects of glucocorticoids. 
A) Increases glucose levels. 
B) Increases inflammation. 
C) Increases the capacity to cope with stress. 
D) All of the above are effects of glucocorticoids.

Question 5

The prime regulatory mechanism used by the endocrine system to maintain homeostasis is:

Accepted Answer

A) Endocrine mechanism 
B) Negative feedback 
C) Exocrine mechanism 
D) Homeostasis feedback 
A) Endocrine mechanism 
B) Negative feedback 
C) Exocrine mechanism 
D) Homeostasis feedback

Question 6

Insulin is released in response to ____________________, and glucagon is released in response to ____________________.

Accepted Answer

A) High blood glucose levels; low blood glucose levels 
B) Low blood glucose levels; high blood glucose levels 
C) Exercise; eating meals 
D) None of the above 
A) High blood glucose levels; low blood glucose levels 
B) Low blood glucose levels; high blood glucose levels 
C) Exercise; eating meals 
D) None of the above

Question 7

Doxercalciferol (Hectorol), which is used to treat hyperparathyroidism, is a form of vitamin ____.

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) D 
C) E 
D) K 
A) A 
B) D 
C) E 
D) K

Question 8

Which agent(s) can be used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism?

Accepted Answer

A) Propylthiouracil 
B) Methimazole 
C) Desiccated thyroid 
D) A and B 
A) Propylthiouracil 
B) Methimazole 
C) Desiccated thyroid 
D) A and B

Question 9

The essential element for triiodothyronine (T₃) and thyroxin (T₄) production is:

Accepted Answer

A) Iodine 
B) Potassium 
C) Calcium 
D) Sodium 
A) Iodine 
B) Potassium 
C) Calcium 
D) Sodium

Question 10

Which of the following hormones are produced in the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

A) Glucocorticoids 
B) Mineralocorticoids 
C) Sex hormones 
D) All of the above 
A) Glucocorticoids 
B) Mineralocorticoids 
C) Sex hormones 
D) All of the above

Question 11

Which of the following products is available in a 75/25 mix of long-acting and rapid-acting types of insulin?

Accepted Answer

A) Humalog 
B) NovoLog 
C) Humulin 
D) Novolin 
A) Humalog 
B) NovoLog 
C) Humulin 
D) Novolin

Question 12

Which of the following insulin products is(are) long acting?

Accepted Answer

A) Humalog 
B) NovoLog 
C) Lantus 
D) A and B 
A) Humalog 
B) NovoLog 
C) Lantus 
D) A and B

Question 13

Aldosterone:

Accepted Answer

A) Is a glucocorticoid. 
B) Maintains sodium and magnesium levels. 
C) Stimulates the kidneys to conserve sodium and excrete potassium. 
D) Is all of the above. 
A) Is a glucocorticoid. 
B) Maintains sodium and magnesium levels. 
C) Stimulates the kidneys to conserve sodium and excrete potassium. 
D) Is all of the above.

Question 14

Which type of diabetes involves a complete lack of insulin secretion, resulting in the need for insulin injections for treatment?

Accepted Answer

A) T₁DM 
B) T₂DM 
C) Diabetes insipidus 
D) All of the above 
A) T₁DM 
B) T₂DM 
C) Diabetes insipidus 
D) All of the above

Question 15

Endocrine glands produce hormones that:

Accepted Answer

A) Are sent to target organs through a tube or duct. 
B) Enter the bloodstream to reach their target. 
C) Act at target sites near the site of hormone release. 
D) Both B and C are true. 
A) Are sent to target organs through a tube or duct. 
B) Enter the bloodstream to reach their target. 
C) Act at target sites near the site of hormone release. 
D) Both B and C are true.

Question 16

What is the largest gland of the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

A) Pituitary 
B) Adrenal 
C) Thyroid 
D) Pancreas 
A) Pituitary 
B) Adrenal 
C) Thyroid 
D) Pancreas

Question 17

The catecholamines norepinephrine and epinephrine are secreted by and stored in the:

Accepted Answer

A) Pituitary gland 
B) Adrenal medulla 
C) Parathyroid gland 
D) Pancreas 
A) Pituitary gland 
B) Adrenal medulla 
C) Parathyroid gland 
D) Pancreas

Question 18

The symptoms of Cushing disease, excess secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), are similar to overmedication side effects of what type of drug?

Accepted Answer

A) Thyroid hormones 
B) Insulin 
C) Corticosteroids 
D) Vitamin D 
A) Thyroid hormones 
B) Insulin 
C) Corticosteroids 
D) Vitamin D

Question 19

Which oral hypoglycemic agent is frequently used in combination products?

Accepted Answer

A) Carbose 
B) Metformin 
C) Pioglitazone 
D) Sitagliptin 
A) Carbose 
B) Metformin 
C) Pioglitazone 
D) Sitagliptin

Question 20

Which of the following types of diabetes is the least common?

Accepted Answer

A) T₁DM 
B) T₂DM 
C) Diabetes insipidus 
D) All occur equally in the population 
A) T₁DM 
B) T₂DM 
C) Diabetes insipidus 
D) All occur equally in the population

Exam 16: Therapeutic Agents for the Endocrine System

Hypokalemia means:

Pioglitazone is used to treat:

What is the first-line treatment for T₂DM?

Glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, have all of the following effects except:

The prime regulatory mechanism used by the endocrine system to maintain homeostasis is:

Insulin is released in response to ____________________, and glucagon is released in response to ____________________.

Doxercalciferol (Hectorol), which is used to treat hyperparathyroidism, is a form of vitamin ____.

Which agent(s) can be used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism?

The essential element for triiodothyronine (T₃) and thyroxin (T₄) production is:

Which of the following hormones are produced in the adrenal cortex?

Which of the following products is available in a 75/25 mix of long-acting and rapid-acting types of insulin?

Which of the following insulin products is(are) long acting?

Aldosterone:

Which type of diabetes involves a complete lack of insulin secretion, resulting in the need for insulin injections for treatment?

Endocrine glands produce hormones that:

What is the largest gland of the endocrine system?

The catecholamines norepinephrine and epinephrine are secreted by and stored in the:

The symptoms of Cushing disease, excess secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), are similar to overmedication side effects of what type of drug?

Which oral hypoglycemic agent is frequently used in combination products?

Which of the following types of diabetes is the least common?

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Insulin is released in response to , and glucagon is released in response to .