Exam 6: Experimentation and Causal Research

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Which of the following is NOT one of the broad categories of experimental designs?

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________ implies that the occurrence of X increases the probability of the occurrence of Y.

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________ are distinguished by the fact that the researcher can randomly assign test units to experimental groups and also randomly assign treatments to experimental groups.

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A ________ is an artificial setting for experimentation in which the researcher constructs the desired conditions.

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It is possible to give monetary incentive in the form of Linden dollars in Second Life but nonmonetary incentives cannot be given.

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In a short essay, define randomization and list and discuss the two types of true experimental design.

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External validity refers to whether the manipulation of the independent variables or treatments actually caused the observed effects on the dependent variables.

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According to the text, factorial designs are the most common statistical designs.

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Opinions, tastes, and preferences in virtual worlds are the same as in a real setting.

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________ allow for the statistical control and analysis of external variables.

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Which of the following is a way of controlling extraneous variables?

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In a Pepsi project the researcher is interested in examining the effect of humor and the effect of various levels of brand information on advertising effectiveness.Three levels of humor (no humor, some humor, and high humor)are to be examined.Likewise, brand information is to be manipulated at three levels (low, medium, and high).The resulting table would be three rows (levels of information)by three columns (levels of humor), producing nine possible combinations or cells.The respondents would be randomly assigned to one of the nine cells.Respondents in each cell would receive a specific treatment combination.After exposure to a treatment combination, measures would be obtained on attitudes toward Pepsi advertising, brand, and the celebrity from respondents in each cell.To which category of design does this fall into?

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The ________ is not exposed to the independent variable manipulation but provides a point of comparison when examining the effects of these manipulations on the dependent variable.

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A factorial design is a statistical experimental design used to measure the effects of two or more independent variables at various levels and to allow for interactions between variables.

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Responses given because the respondents attempt to guess the purpose of the experiment and respond accordingly are called demand artifacts.

(True/False)
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The ________ is a two-group experimental design in which one of the groups acts as a control group, the subjects are not assigned randomly, and measurements are made on both groups following the treatment.

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In a short essay, describe the broad categories of experimental designs and discuss the various applications of each design category.

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Which of the following can be symbolized as: EG: R    X     O1 CG: R    O2 Where, X = the exposure of a group to an independent variable, treatment, event, the effects of which are to be determined O = the process of observation or measurement of the dependent variable on the test units or group of units R = the random assignment of test units or groups to separate treatments CG = control group EG = experimental group

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Statistical designs allow for the statistical control and analysis of external variables.

(True/False)
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In a short essay, list and discuss the three specific preexperimental designs.

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