Exam 16: Heart and Neck Vessels

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State why two distinct components to each heart sound exist.

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Two distinct components to each heart sound exist because cardiac depolarization occurs slightly later on the right side of the heart than on the left side.

Describe the function of the foramen ovale and the ductus arteriosus.

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The foramen ovale, an opening in the atrial septum, allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to be shunted to the left side of the heart and out to the general circulation. The ductus arteriosus, a shunt between the pulmonary artery and the aorta, allows any remaining blood being directed to the lungs to be shunted into the aorta.

Relate anatomic structures to the correct landmark or anatomic location.

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Relate the name of the heart sound to the physiologic cause.

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Cite the risk factors associated with heart disease and stroke.

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Describe the characteristics of heart sounds.

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List three conditions that result in cardiac murmurs.

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Discuss the significance of jugular vein assessment.

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Incorporate health promotion concepts when performing an assessment of the heart and neck vessels.

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List the hemodynamic changes that occur with aging.

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List the significant anatomic features of the heart.

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Describe the carotid artery pulse.

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Summarize the spread of the cardiac impulse through the heart.

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