Exam 8: Pain Assessment: the Fifth Vital Sign

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Describe the initial pain assessment.

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Because pain is a subjective experience, the initial pain assessment consists of several questions that are asked to have the patient describe specific aspects of his or her pain experience.

Discuss the function of nociception and the patient's sensation of pain.

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Nociception is the term used to describe how noxious stimuli are typically perceived as pain. Four phases of nociception are described: transduction, transmission, perception, and modulation.

Define pain.

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The classic definitions of pain are provided in the Subjective Data portion of the chapter. Essentially, pain is "whatever the experiencing person says it is, existing whenever he says it does (McCaffery, 1968, p. 95). The subjective report is the most reliable indicator of pain. A series of questions assists the examiner in assessing the subjective report of pain.

Describe developmental care as well as cross-cultural and gender considerations regarding pain.

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Compare acute and chronic pain.

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Differentiate the different types of pain.

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Describe the physical changes that may occur because of poorly controlled pain.

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Compare available pain assessment tools.

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Compare acute and chronic pain behaviors (nonverbal behaviors of pain).

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