Exam 14: How Proteins Are Made: Genetic Transcription, translation, and Regulation

Insulin is a protein that is made up of 51 amino acids.It would have been translated from an mRNA transcript that had at least:

What is a codon?

Which of the following is not an RNA transcript?

Dietary factors are now being studied for how they regulate gene activity and how this contributes to disease.For example,how does a diet high in unsaturated fatty acids help maintain a healthy blood lipid profile? Within hours of feeding animals with diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs),there is an increase in the activity of genes responsible for making enzymes that break down fats and a reduction of the activity of genes responsible for making enzymes that make fats.This has the effect of changing fat metabolism,which leads to a lowering of blood lipid levels.The control of what type of DNA sequence would PUFAs most likely be affecting?

Which of the following is a component of an RNA nucleotide?

The enzyme responsible for transcribing DNA is:

You are an evolutionary biologist analyzing the evolution of embryo development in different species.You identify an important gene that controls the placement of body regions in fruit flies,mice,and chickens,and you find the gene is exactly the same in each species.You then determine it is the enhancer sequence of the genes that is different in each species.Why would such very different species have the same gene sequence but a different enhancer sequence?

What is the relationship between DNA,chromosomes,genes,RNA,proteins,transcription,and translation?

Proteins differ from one another because:

How many codons can act as termination codons?

The set of nucleotides on a tRNA that base-pairs with nucleotides on an mRNA is the:

Which segment of an mRNA transcript is removed before it is translated?

tRNA and rRNA are not translated into proteins.

The form of RNA that carries the information from DNA to the site of protein assembly is called:

What are the basic differences between DNA and RNA molecules?

Which process or processes occur in the nucleus?

Which of the following is considered "non-coding" DNA?

If a codon is three nucleotides and there are four different nucleotides,how many different codons can be made?

Introns in genes are:

In order for a gene to be transcribed,a multipart protein complex must bind to the ________ to help RNA polymerase align with it.