Exam 10: Interpersonal Attraction: From First Impressions to Close Relationships

Equity theory suggests that partners in a relationship tend to desire equality in terms of what they are giving to and taking from a relationship.Describe how equity occurs between acquaintances, and how it occurs between family members, close friends, or long-term romantic relationships.

Researchers provided men with photographs of either attractive women or unattractive women and told the men that their conversation partner was the woman in the photograph.They found that when independent raters evaluated the women's side of the conversation, women who were believed to be attractive actually behaved in a more confident, animated, and warm manner than did women who were believed to be unattractive.These results demonstrate that the ________ might explain why there is a kernel of truth to the "what is beautiful is good" stereotype.

Brian does not know anything about Sally except that she is very attractive.Based on research presented in the text, Brian is MOST likely to make the attribution that Sally is

According to the tenets of evolutionary theory, reproduction is more costly (in terms of time, energy, and effort) for females than it is for males.Thus, it is advantageous for males to ________ and for females to ________.

"I find that others are reluctant to get as close to me as I would like.I often have dreams that my husband doesn't love me like he used to, and that he leaves me unexpectedly.I guess I have this need to lose myself in the person I love, and this sometimes scares them away." A person who is ________ attached most likely wrote those words.

Which of the following does not belong?

Consider the following relationship scenario: You've had some pretty good relationships in the past.Your new friend James has introduced you to a number of wonderful interests: obscure Tarantino films, visits to museums, Thai food, and hang-gliding.Still, if there's one thing about James that drives you crazy, it's that he never stops talking, and will actually change his position on issues just to bait you into an argument.You argue more with James than with just about anyone else you know, and you frequently end up with your feelings hurt.In fact, you find yourself wondering whether James's roommate Rick wouldn't make a better friend.He's interesting, does fun things, and he doesn't seem to relish arguments nearly as much as James does.Now, analyze this scenario from a social exchange perspective.What are the rewards, costs, comparison level, and comparison level for alternatives? What's likely to happen in this case?

According to an evolutionary approach to love, why do women prefer men with resources, whereas men prefer women who are attractive?

Based on research presented in this chapter, whom is Benjamin going to sit closest to in the library? Benjamin is wearing glasses, a university sweatshirt, and is moderately attractive.

An evolutionary perspective takes "the long view." This perspective asserts that how people act today is based on behavior patterns that evolved from our species' past.Explain how the evolutionary concept of reproductive fitness is related to attraction and love in men and women.

Researchers used computer graphics to generate composite faces that reflected the exact mathematical average of the facial features of a large number of individual photographs.They then asked participants to rate the attractiveness of the composite photograph and the individual photographs that were combined to make up the composite.These researchers found that

Nicole and Travis have been dating for about six months.While out to dinner one night, Nicole notices a very attractive man sitting two tables over.Travis, seeing Nicole's wandering eyes, begins to point out flaws in this other man.Travis is attempting to

How would investment model researchers like Rusbult and Martz (1995) explain why battered women often return to their abusive partners?

According to the evolutionary approach to love, if Juanita is looking for a romantic partner, who is she most likely to choose?

Often, toward the beginning of romantic relationships, we experience ________, whereas after the relationship has continued for a number of years, we experience ________.

Researchers (Sergios & Cody, 1985) conducted a replication of the study by Hatfield (Walster) and her colleagues (1966), in which men and women were paired at random for a "blind date" dance.In their study, Sergios and Cody studied gay men.They found that

Barbara, Britanny, Laurie, and Melissa have each adopted a different strategy in their attempts to attract Art.All else being equal, who is most likely to be unsuccessful?

Moreland and Beach (1992) had a confederate attend large university classes for a systematically varied number of class sessions.She attended some classes a few times and other classes many more times.In keeping with the research on the mere exposure effect presented in the text, when unsuspecting students in those classes were later shown photos of the confederate, when would they have liked her best? When she had

Which of the following (actual) research findings represents the most serious challenge to evolutionary explanations of love and attraction?

At certain times in the menstrual cycle, women demonstrate a preference for a mate that has the greatest degree of facial symmetry, facial masculinity, and a muscular physique.These demonstrate a male's degree of