Exam 4: Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

Wan is a Korean student and Jim is an American student.Both take part in an experiment in which they listen to another student read aloud her essay, knowing that this other student's essay was on an assigned position.Then they are asked to indicate what this other student really believes.Based on the results of cross-cultural research on the fundamental attribution error, which of the following is true?

According to your textbook authors, the popularity of "reality" television is largely due to the fact that we

Professor DeVeaux reads an essay in which a student argues in favor of full nuclear war to resolve the conflict in the Middle East.Initially she thinks, "Whoa, what an extremist!" Then she recalls that the student had been assigned to advocate nuclear war as part of the assignment.Why would Professor DeVeaux still be likely to view the student as a political extremist?

Hedden and his colleagues (2008) examined the brain activity of East Asians and European Americans while they underwent an fMRI.They found that Americans had more brain activity when they were told to pay attention to the box around the line than when they paid attention to the line.Why was there greater brain activity in this condition?

With the belief in the individual soul and the legal tradition of individual rights, Western cultures stress ________.

Research indicates that humans can form an initial impression of others based solely on their facial appearance in less than ______ milliseconds.

According to recent research, why does culture influence our tendency to make internal versus external attributions?

________ theory provides a description of how people explain the causes of their own and others' behaviors.

What are consistency, consensus, and distinctiveness information, and how do they combine to yield internal, external, and situational attributions? Give an example.

When people communicate using nonverbal behavior, they typically use

According to research presented in this chapter, there are two steps involved in the attribution process.The point at which attributional errors tend to occur is when we attempt to

A group of pedestrians is standing on a corner, waiting for the light to change.A driver runs a red light and narrowly misses another car.According to work on the two-step process of making attributions, who is most likely to point out how quickly the light changed from amber to red when explaining the near accident?

If an American and a Chinese person are both given feedback that they have done poorly at a task, who would be more likely to blame him- or herself for the failure?

Recall that even when participants in an experiment conducted by Jones and Harris (1967) were told that people were assigned to write an essay sympathetic to Cuban dictator Fidel Castro, they still were willing to assume that the essay reflected the writer's true "pro-Castro" attitudes.In this experiment, how could people have avoided the fundamental attribution error? They could have assumed

Sheila fancies herself an outgoing extrovert.She smiles a lot and gestures dramatically as she talks.This example best illustrates the use of nonverbal behavior to

After losing a Little League softball game between the Rockets and the Tigers, what is the coach of the losing Rockets likely to say?

Jessica smiles to convey that she is happy.Jessica's smile is a way of ________ the emotion of happiness.

In trying to make sense of the social world, people are much like amateur scientists.This observation is most compatible with Heider's (1958) classic scholarly work on

Research by Ambady and colleagues has demonstrated that impressions of professors formed after observing only 10 seconds of behavior

Sometimes so-called "self-serving attributions" in the face of a setback only look self-serving to others.This is because actors