Exam 4: Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

Based on information from the authors of your text, who would be more likely to express a feeling of shame publicly?

According to research presented in this chapter, there are two steps involved in the attribution process.This second step is an example of

"You reap what you sow," goes the old adage.This saying is most compatible with the social-psychological concept of

The main idea of the role of perceptual salience in attributions is

Peter's expression when Jan saw him at lunch was difficult to decode.One part of his face registered one emotion and another part of his face registered a different emotion.Therefore, Peter was demonstrating

Ingrid has had a few interactions with Chinese students at her college and thinks that they are "hard to read" because they do not use facial expressions "clearly" as compared to Americans she interacts with.Such experiences illustrate

Judy forms a circle with her thumb and forefinger to communicate to her sister that everything is okay.Although in America this is a common gesture, it may be interpreted differently elsewhere in the world.What kind of gesture is this?

The fundamental attribution error occurs more often in ________ cultures.

"Jen's bicycle was stolen yesterday," Jason said, "and that's why she's so cranky today." Jason has just used an ________ to explain the cause of Jen's behavior.

Recall that Taylor and Fiske (1975) conducted a clever experiment in which a group of participants observed a scripted conversation between two male confederates.Some could see both of the men; others could see the face of only one or the other man.When asked questions about the two confederates (e.g., who had taken the lead in the conversation), participants who had a clear view of both men thought they were equally influential, whereas those who faced one or the other thought that the man whose face they saw was more influential.These results demonstrated that

If people do not have all three types of information necessary (according to the covariation model), what do people do in order to make attributions?

Remy has recently learned about Kelley's covariation model.He uses it when his sister does something that isn't typical for her so the consistency of that behavior is low.What kind of attribution does he make for her behavior?

Milo, a Canadian, just won his race.He is likely to show pride, but it is a more complicated emotion to express than the universal expressions and includes body movement in addition to facial expression.What is Milo going to need to include in order to express pride?

Display rules communicate a culture's ideas about what emotions are appropriate to express in public.There are gender differences in which emotions women and men should display.In addition, evolutionally, there are sex differences in the ease of decoding certain emotions.Describe what emotions are appropriate to display for men and women, and compare how that relates to which emotions are most easily decoded because of our evolutionary heritage.

The fundamental attribution error is similar to another cognitive shortcut known as a ________.

Researchers have found that couples who are happy in their marriages make very different attributions for their partners' behaviors than couples who are unhappy.Specifically, couples in happy marriages make ________, while couples in unhappy marriages make ________.

"Blaming the victim" of rape, abuse, or other misfortunes is most closely related to

When people make the fundamental attribution error, they tend to

Lixue and Hayk are in an unhappy marriage.When Hayk brings home flowers, Lixue thinks, "There must have been a sale at the grocery store" or, "I suppose those are leftover from some party at work." Her attribution reflects the attribution of a ________ behavior to an ________ cause.

Emma arrived late for her job interview, wore too much cologne, and forgot the interviewer's name.Because of the ______, the interviewer formed a negative _______ of her.