Question 1

Erikson's stage theory:

Accepted Answer

A)  encompasses the life span, while Freud's stages of development end at the beginning of adulthood. 
B)  ignores the role of culture. 
C)  focuses on the superego rather than the ego. 
D)  includes four psychosexual stages. 
A)  encompasses the life span, while Freud's stages of development end at the beginning of adulthood. 
B)  ignores the role of culture. 
C)  focuses on the superego rather than the ego. 
D)  includes four psychosexual stages.

Question 2

Findings on self-esteem indicate that:

Accepted Answer

A)  self-esteem rises in childhood and falls in adulthood. 
B)  self-esteem increases through adulthood and then drops in elderly participants. 
C)  self-esteem is highly variable, and no general trends were observed. 
D)  females have higher self-esteem than males. 
A)  self-esteem rises in childhood and falls in adulthood. 
B)  self-esteem increases through adulthood and then drops in elderly participants. 
C)  self-esteem is highly variable, and no general trends were observed. 
D)  females have higher self-esteem than males.

Question 3

People from countries like Japan typically engage in self-enhancement in ways that emphasize ________________, and people from individualistic countries like the United States typically engage in self enhancement that emphasizes ________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  their connectedness to others; their personal traits. 
B)  financial success; collectivistic values. 
C)  their differences from others; their efforts at self-improvement. 
D)  personal traits; personal traits. 
A)  their connectedness to others; their personal traits. 
B)  financial success; collectivistic values. 
C)  their differences from others; their efforts at self-improvement. 
D)  personal traits; personal traits.

Question 4

List some characteristics of low self monitors and of high self monitors.

Accepted Answer

High self monitors:
-good at reading sit

Question 5

In a study comparing idiographic and nomothetic measures of appearance related discrepancies it was found that:

Accepted Answer

A)  idiographic and nomothetic measures are equivalent. 
B)  idiographic measures are more accurate than nomothetic measures. 
C)  nomothetic measures are more accurate than idiographic measures. 
D)  nomothetic and idiographic measures can yield substantially different results. 
A)  idiographic and nomothetic measures are equivalent. 
B)  idiographic measures are more accurate than nomothetic measures. 
C)  nomothetic measures are more accurate than idiographic measures. 
D)  nomothetic and idiographic measures can yield substantially different results.

Question 6

In regards to state and trait self-esteem:

Accepted Answer

A)  Trait self-esteem is our typical level of self-esteem, whereas state self-esteem is how we feel about ourselves in the moment. 
B)  State self-esteem is our typical level of self-esteem, whereas trait self-esteem is how we feel about ourselves in particular situations. 
C)  The distinctions between the two forms of self-esteem do not hold up in research. 
D)  Researchers are able to assess state self-esteem accurately, but reliability ratings for trait self-esteem are so low that most in the field consider them to be useless. 
A)  Trait self-esteem is our typical level of self-esteem, whereas state self-esteem is how we feel about ourselves in the moment. 
B)  State self-esteem is our typical level of self-esteem, whereas trait self-esteem is how we feel about ourselves in particular situations. 
C)  The distinctions between the two forms of self-esteem do not hold up in research. 
D)  Researchers are able to assess state self-esteem accurately, but reliability ratings for trait self-esteem are so low that most in the field consider them to be useless.

Question 7

_______________ is a form of repression that serves the defensive function of keeping unwanted thoughts about the self out of conscious awareness.

Accepted Answer

A)  compensatory conviction 
B)  self-enhancement 
C)  self-verification 
D)  self-complexity 
A)  compensatory conviction 
B)  self-enhancement 
C)  self-verification 
D)  self-complexity

Question 8

Explain the three representations of the self as defined by the self-discrepancy theory and the implications of what might occur when there is a large gap between two of these representations.

Accepted Answer

Actual self -attributes that a person ac

Question 9

In ______________________ people are aware of themselves as a social object.

Accepted Answer

A)  private self-consciousness 
B)  personal self-consciousness 
C)  social self-consciousness 
D)  public self-consciousness 
A)  private self-consciousness 
B)  personal self-consciousness 
C)  social self-consciousness 
D)  public self-consciousness

Question 10

_________________ is the self worth that a person derives from being a part of social organizations.

Accepted Answer

A)  mattering 
B)  social self-esteem 
C)  collective self-esteem 
D)  group self-esteem 
A)  mattering 
B)  social self-esteem 
C)  collective self-esteem 
D)  group self-esteem

Question 11

Describe two different expressions of generativity, and identify some predisposing factors to an individual being generative.

Accepted Answer

Generativity is the willingness to engag

Question 12

According to the self-absorption paradox,

Accepted Answer

A)  people who are preoccupied with thoughts of themselves come across as having excessively high self-esteem, but actually have low self esteem. 
B)  people who have a tendency to be absorbed in thoughts about themselves also are equally capable of being fully absorbed by their thoughts about others. 
C)  self-focused attention seems beneficial to self-understanding, but too much attention on the self can also be highly maladaptive. 
D)  throughout history, individuals who are high in self-absorption have created great works of art that have brought pleasure to millions of people. 
A)  people who are preoccupied with thoughts of themselves come across as having excessively high self-esteem, but actually have low self esteem. 
B)  people who have a tendency to be absorbed in thoughts about themselves also are equally capable of being fully absorbed by their thoughts about others. 
C)  self-focused attention seems beneficial to self-understanding, but too much attention on the self can also be highly maladaptive. 
D)  throughout history, individuals who are high in self-absorption have created great works of art that have brought pleasure to millions of people.

Question 13

According to _________________ theory, people strive actively to confirm their sense of self, and desire a sense of predictability and control.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-enhancement 
B)  self-verification 
C)  self-consistency 
D)  self-presentation 
A)  self-enhancement 
B)  self-verification 
C)  self-consistency 
D)  self-presentation

Question 14

Meta-accuracy:

Accepted Answer

A)  is the term for our ability to "size up" other people. 
B)  is the term for our ability to predict how people will react to different social situations. 
C)  is the term for how accurate we are in our sense of how other people view us. 
D)  None of the above 
A)  is the term for our ability to "size up" other people. 
B)  is the term for our ability to predict how people will react to different social situations. 
C)  is the term for how accurate we are in our sense of how other people view us. 
D)  None of the above

Question 15

According to the distinctiveness hypothesis:

Accepted Answer

A)  individuals are disproportionately more likely to spontaneously mention any unique factors they may possess when describing themselves. 
B)  people want to fit in, and will attempt to minimize characteristics that set them apart from others. 
C)  all people are unique in their own way. 
D)  people with distinctive characteristics have higher than average self-esteem. 
A)  individuals are disproportionately more likely to spontaneously mention any unique factors they may possess when describing themselves. 
B)  people want to fit in, and will attempt to minimize characteristics that set them apart from others. 
C)  all people are unique in their own way. 
D)  people with distinctive characteristics have higher than average self-esteem.

Question 16

Findings on self-discrepancy theory indicate that:

Accepted Answer

A)  self discrepancies are generally stable over time. 
B)  self ideal discrepancies are related to postpartum depression. 
C)  the magnitude of the perceived discrepancy between a person's actual and ideal appearance is a predictor of eating disorder symptoms. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  self discrepancies are generally stable over time. 
B)  self ideal discrepancies are related to postpartum depression. 
C)  the magnitude of the perceived discrepancy between a person's actual and ideal appearance is a predictor of eating disorder symptoms. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 17

Identify the statement about possible selves (Markus and Nurius) that is incorrect:

Accepted Answer

A)  People who focus on their positive possible self become anxious that they will not be able to fulfill their own expectations. 
B)  People who are cognitively preoccupied with the feared possible self will be highly anxious. 
C)  People who are preoccupied with the negative possible self may be motivated to take steps to make sure that this possible self does not actually occur. 
D)  People with a desirable possible self will be motivated to perform behaviours and conduct themselves in ways that help them achieve this goal. 
A)  People who focus on their positive possible self become anxious that they will not be able to fulfill their own expectations. 
B)  People who are cognitively preoccupied with the feared possible self will be highly anxious. 
C)  People who are preoccupied with the negative possible self may be motivated to take steps to make sure that this possible self does not actually occur. 
D)  People with a desirable possible self will be motivated to perform behaviours and conduct themselves in ways that help them achieve this goal.

Question 18

In a research paradigm, participants are given adjectives describing personal traits, and are asked to indicate if these words apply to themselves. A standard finding is that subjects are quicker to remember self-referent words when later tested on a word recognition test. This is known as the:

Accepted Answer

A)  self-description effect. 
B)  self-encoding test. 
C)  self- reference effect. 
D)  self-relevant effect. 
A)  self-description effect. 
B)  self-encoding test. 
C)  self- reference effect. 
D)  self-relevant effect.

Question 19

The crisis in Erikson's first stage of development is:

Accepted Answer

A)  autonomy versus shame and doubt. 
B)  initiative versus guilt. 
C)  trust versus mistrust. 
D)  intimacy versus isolation. 
A)  autonomy versus shame and doubt. 
B)  initiative versus guilt. 
C)  trust versus mistrust. 
D)  intimacy versus isolation.

Question 20

Mark Leary's sociometer theory suggests that:

Accepted Answer

A)  self-esteem is determined by the number of an individual's successes divided by the number of the individual's aims and expectations. 
B)  self-esteem is directly related to the quality of our interactions and sense of positive relations with others. 
C)  the factors that determine self-esteem are unique for every individual. 
D)  self-esteem is determined by the match between an individual's actual self and ideal self. 
A)  self-esteem is determined by the number of an individual's successes divided by the number of the individual's aims and expectations. 
B)  self-esteem is directly related to the quality of our interactions and sense of positive relations with others. 
C)  the factors that determine self-esteem are unique for every individual. 
D)  self-esteem is determined by the match between an individual's actual self and ideal self.

Erikson's stage theory:

Findings on self-esteem indicate that:

People from countries like Japan typically engage in self-enhancement in ways that emphasize , and people from individualistic countries like the United States typically engage in self enhancement that emphasizes .

List some characteristics of low self monitors and of high self monitors.

In a study comparing idiographic and nomothetic measures of appearance related discrepancies it was found that:

In regards to state and trait self-esteem:

_______________ is a form of repression that serves the defensive function of keeping unwanted thoughts about the self out of conscious awareness.

Explain the three representations of the self as defined by the self-discrepancy theory and the implications of what might occur when there is a large gap between two of these representations.

In ______________________ people are aware of themselves as a social object.

_________________ is the self worth that a person derives from being a part of social organizations.

Describe two different expressions of generativity, and identify some predisposing factors to an individual being generative.

According to the self-absorption paradox,

According to _________________ theory, people strive actively to confirm their sense of self, and desire a sense of predictability and control.

Meta-accuracy:

According to the distinctiveness hypothesis:

Findings on self-discrepancy theory indicate that:

Identify the statement about possible selves (Markus and Nurius) that is incorrect:

In a research paradigm, participants are given adjectives describing personal traits, and are asked to indicate if these words apply to themselves. A standard finding is that subjects are quicker to remember self-referent words when later tested on a word recognition test. This is known as the:

The crisis in Erikson's first stage of development is:

Mark Leary's sociometer theory suggests that:

Personality -An Introduction

Units of Personality -Types Versus Traits

The Development of Personality

Personality Research Methods and Assessment Issues

Psychodynamic Theories

Motivational Theories and Psychological Needs

Humanistic Theories and Self-Actualization

Behavioural and Learning Theories

Cognitive Theories and Cognitive Factors

Interpersonal Theories and Interpersonal Styles

Personality and Health

Personality, Mental Health, and Psychopathology

Psychobiography and Personology

Filters

Exam 11: Personality Theory and the Self-Concept

Erikson's stage theory:

Findings on self-esteem indicate that:

People from countries like Japan typically engage in self-enhancement in ways that emphasize ________________, and people from individualistic countries like the United States typically engage in self enhancement that emphasizes ________________.

List some characteristics of low self monitors and of high self monitors.

In a study comparing idiographic and nomothetic measures of appearance related discrepancies it was found that:

In regards to state and trait self-esteem:

_______________ is a form of repression that serves the defensive function of keeping unwanted thoughts about the self out of conscious awareness.

Explain the three representations of the self as defined by the self-discrepancy theory and the implications of what might occur when there is a large gap between two of these representations.

In ______________________ people are aware of themselves as a social object.

_________________ is the self worth that a person derives from being a part of social organizations.

Describe two different expressions of generativity, and identify some predisposing factors to an individual being generative.

According to the self-absorption paradox,

According to _________________ theory, people strive actively to confirm their sense of self, and desire a sense of predictability and control.

Meta-accuracy:

According to the distinctiveness hypothesis:

Findings on self-discrepancy theory indicate that:

Identify the statement about possible selves (Markus and Nurius) that is incorrect:

In a research paradigm, participants are given adjectives describing personal traits, and are asked to indicate if these words apply to themselves. A standard finding is that subjects are quicker to remember self-referent words when later tested on a word recognition test. This is known as the:

The crisis in Erikson's first stage of development is:

Mark Leary's sociometer theory suggests that:

Personality -An Introduction

Units of Personality -Types Versus Traits

The Development of Personality

Personality Research Methods and Assessment Issues

Psychodynamic Theories

Motivational Theories and Psychological Needs

Humanistic Theories and Self-Actualization

Behavioural and Learning Theories

Cognitive Theories and Cognitive Factors

Interpersonal Theories and Interpersonal Styles

Personality and Health

Personality, Mental Health, and Psychopathology

Psychobiography and Personology

Filters

People from countries like Japan typically engage in self-enhancement in ways that emphasize , and people from individualistic countries like the United States typically engage in self enhancement that emphasizes .