Exam 3: Ancestors and Neighbors: Social Constructions of Gender at Other Times, in Other Places

Using your knowledge of foraging societies, multiple-gendered societies, and chimpanzee studies, explain why "anatomy is not destiny."

Discuss the Man the Hunter theory of gender evolution and criticisms of the theory.

Berdaches were viewed as deviant because of their cross-dressing behavior.

Egalitarian gender relations are found today only in hunting and gathering societies.

Studies of chimpanzees show that

Among foraging societies, which type is the least egalitarian?

Among the Hua of Papua New Guinea, men gradually lose their masculinity by passing it on to young boys during growth rituals.

Discuss multiple-gendered societies and what they tell us about gender as dichotomous social categories.

Research on the Ju/hoansi bush-living people indicates that

Both the traditional (Man the Hunter) theory and the feminist theory of prehistory agree that

What do cross-cultural studies of foraging societies tell us about the gendered division of labor and stereotypical work roles of men and women?

With regard to the sexual division of labor, it appears that

Anthropologist Margaret Mead researched societies in New Guinea and found

Explain the key components of a matrifocal system. Cite an example of a matrifocal group to support your answer.

Sociologists have found that not every society has a division of labor by sex.

Cross-cultural research on multiple genders

In developing their perspective of the evolution of gender, feminists have examined

Recent bonobo research has reveled which of the following?

Bonobo communities are male-focused and revolve around competition and male dominance.

Among the Aka,