Exam 42: Structure and Function of the Male Reproductive System

A 55-year-old man has been diagnosed with a gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), in which the function of his lower esophageal sphincter is compromised. Which of the following consequences of this condition is most likely to occur?

Chronic anxiety and stress contribute to ulcers. Which of the following effects of the sympathetic nervous system is most responsible for this effect?

Place the following components of the gastrointestinal tract in the chronological order that a bolus of food would pass through them. Use all the options.

A 77-year-old woman has been admitted to hospital following several weeks of increasing fatigue. On observation, she is pale, and blood work indicates she has low hemoglobin and red cell counts. Stool tests for occult blood are positive, and following endoscopy, she has been diagnosed with an upper GI bleed that has been shown to originate in her stomach. She admits to regularly exceeding the recommended doses of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in an effort to control her rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following phenomena is most likely responsible for her present health problems?

When the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated, the interstitial cells of Cajal, pacemaker cells of the GI tract, react by

A male infant is brought into the clinic because of colic-like symptoms. The mother states he acts like something is hurting. After eating, he vomits most of the feeding and then assumes a fetal position. He is also not gaining weight. The nurse practitioner is thinking that he is displaying clinical manifestations of obstruction and may have which of the following medical diagnoses?

Following a 14-day course of broad-spectrum antibiotics for the treatment of sepsis, a 60-year-old woman has developed watery diarrhea. Her care team attributes this to likely elimination of normal intestinal flora by the antibiotics. What other phenomena is most likely accompanying her low levels of normal flora?

Which of the following medications used in the treatment of peptic ulcers and ^{gastroesophageal reflux binds to H}2 ^{receptors and blocks the action of histamine on} parietal cells?

A male client complaining of chronic cramping, bloating, and diarrhea has been determined to have a deficiency in brush border enzymes within his small intestine. Which of the following meals or snacks high in carbohydrates and protein will likely exacerbate the client's signs and symptoms?

A speech therapist is performing a swallowing assessment on a 72-year-old man who has suffered a stroke 3 weeks ago. The man has been NPO (nothing by mouth) since his stroke, and the health care team is considering the introduction of oral food. The speech therapist is cueing the client to swallow to preclude either aspiration of food or pocketing of food in the sides of his mouth. The client most likely to have conscious control over which of the following processes listed below involved in swallowing?

A gastroenterologist is teaching a group of medical students about the enteric nervous system in preparation for a consult on client who has suffered a spinal cord injury. Which of the physician's teaching points is most accurate?

Which of the following statements best communicates the nature of movements in the colon?

The instructor asks a group of nursing students to explain the function of the omentum. The students will respond based on which pathophysiologic principle?

Which of the following statements best captures an aspect of the process of fat digestion and absorption?

A science teacher is talking to a group of fifth graders about the role of "spit." During the course of the discussion, the teacher asks the students which of the following are functions of saliva?

A mom asks her neighbor, a nurse, why every time she takes her daughter (10 years old) out for ice cream she comes home with a stomachache and then experiences a bout of diarrhea. The nurse is thinking that this girl is experiencing

A 42-year-old female client with a long-standing history of chronic nausea and vomiting but a near-insatiable appetite has had her symptoms attributed to an enzyme deficiency. Further diagnostic testing indicates that she has inadequate pancreatic enzyme levels and that her large appetite is due to a lack of enzyme control of food intake inhibition. In which of the following enzymes is the woman most likely deficient?

While explaining to a group of nursing students what the function of the first mucosal layer of the lower two thirds of the esophagus, the pathophysiology instructor mentions which of the following functions? Select all that apply.

A patient has just been diagnosed with pernicious anemia. The patient asks the nurse ^{why his body is not able to absorb vitamin B}12^{. The nurse responds,}

A 79-year-old male resident of a long-term care facility has contracted Clostridium difficile and is experiencing consequent diarrhea. Auscultation of the man's abdomen indicates hyperactive bowel sounds. What process in the man's small intestine is most likely accompanying his current status?