Exam 6: Neoplasia

Which target of both chemotherapy and radiation treatment accounts for adverse as well as therapeutic effects?

The family of a 68-year-old man who is in the end stages of small cell lung cancer are distraught at his visible body wasting that has worsened in recent weeks. Which of the following phenomena best accounts for the client's anorexia and cachexia?

A cancer patient has been prescribed 5-fluorouracil, an antimetabolite chemotherapy agent. This medication stops normal development and division by interrupting the S-phase of the cell cycle. When teaching this patient, the nurse explains that during the S-phase of the cell cycle,

Which of the following characteristics could apply to healthy somatic cells rather than cancerous cells?

A 51-year-old female has been found to have a metastatic lesion in her lung, and her oncologist is unsure of the site of the primary tumor. Which of the following procedures is most likely to aid in this determination?

Following a biopsy, a 54-year-old man has been diagnosed as having a benign neoplastic tumor. Which of the following characteristics most likely applies to his tumor?

A woman is surprised to read on the Internet that certain infections can cause cancer and has sought clarification from her family physician during an office visit. How can the physician best respond to the woman's query?

A 41-year-old female with a family history of breast cancer has had a baseline mammogram. She states that she performs monthly self-breast exams but really has a hard time evaluating her lumps since she has numerous cysts. At her annual mammogram, the technician views a suspicious area and refers her to the radiologist. She asks the nurse in the office, "How can a lump appear so quickly?" The nurse's response is based on which of the following principles?

Unbeknownst to her or her care team, a 51-year-old woman's breast cancer has an etiology rooted in the fact that tumor-suppressing genes are present but have been silenced. Consequently, she has not synthesized normal cancer-suppressing proteins, and neoplasia has resulted. What process has accounted for the woman's cancer?

A patient with malignant melanoma has been prescribed alpha interferon, a biologic response modifier. Since this drug prolongs the cell cycle, increasing the percentage of ^{cells in the G}0 ^{phase, and stimulates NK cells and T-lymphocyte killer cells, the nurse} can anticipate that he may experience which of the following common side effects?

Upon entering the room of a 74-year-old client receiving brachytherapy for cervical cancer, you find the radiation implant and the position-holding device in the client's bed. What is the nurse's first best action?

An oncology nurse who has worked for many years providing care for children with cancer has taken a job on an adult oncology unit of a hospital. What differences might the nurse anticipate in this new job?

A 61-year-old male client is scheduled to begin chemotherapy for the treatment of his bone cancer shortly. Staff at the cancer center have educated the man and his wife about the goals, course, and expectations of his treatment. Which of the following medications and treatments might the man anticipate needing during and after his course of treatment?

Blood-borne cancerous cells have recently spread from a woman's primary tumor in her pancreas to her bones. Which of the following components of the woman's immune system are likely to be directly involved in the attempt to eradicate the potential metastasis? Select all that apply.

The nurse caring for a lung cancer patient with metastasis to the brain suspects the patient has developed a paraneoplastic syndrome known as syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion. Which laboratory result in this patient who has gained 3 lb in a day would alert the nurse to the possibility of SIADH?

Which of the following patients of a primary care physician would not require extra screening for cancer?

A 77-year-old male client with a diagnosis of stomach cancer has been found to have metastases in his liver. The client and his family are surprised at this turn of events, stating that they do not see how he could have developed cancer in his liver. Which of the following facts would underlie the reply that the care team provides?

The mother of an 18-month-old child is concerned that her child is lethargic and is not eating foods that he normally enjoys. She takes him to the pediatrician for a check-up. Which of the following clinical manifestations would lead the health care provider to suspect the child may have a neuroblastoma? Select all that apply.

A 60-year-old man has presented to a clinic and is requesting screening for tumor markers after reading about them in a magazine. What can the clinician most accurately tell the man about the clinical use of tumor markers?

A 26-year-old man who survived childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), one of the most common childhood cancers, now complains of weakness, fatigue, and shortness of breath. His treatment for ALL likely included anthracyclines. What is the most likely cause of his symptoms?