Question 1

The enzymatic determination of glycerol in triglyceride analysis usually involves conversion of glycerol to:

Accepted Answer

A)  Oleic acid. 
B)  Phospholipid. 
C)  Formaldehyde. 
D)  CO2 and H2O. 
E)  Glycerol phosphate. 
A)  Oleic acid. 
B)  Phospholipid. 
C)  Formaldehyde. 
D)  CO2 and H2O. 
E)  Glycerol phosphate. E

Question 2

The first step in the enzymatic cholesterol reaction, which results in free cholesterol esterase, is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Oxidation of cholesterol. 
B)  Oxidation of cholesterol esters. 
C)  Hydrolysis of cholesterol esters. 
D)  Reduction of cholesterol. 
E)  Reduction of cholesterol esterases. 
A)  Oxidation of cholesterol. 
B)  Oxidation of cholesterol esters. 
C)  Hydrolysis of cholesterol esters. 
D)  Reduction of cholesterol. 
E)  Reduction of cholesterol esterases. C

Question 3

Risk factors for coronary heart disease include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Diabetes mellitus. 
B)  Other forms of atherosclerotic disease. 
C)  Hypertension. 
D)  High HDL cholesterol. 
A)  Diabetes mellitus. 
B)  Other forms of atherosclerotic disease. 
C)  Hypertension. 
D)  High HDL cholesterol. D

Question 4

Secondary causes of elevated LDL include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypothyroidism. 
B)  Chronic renal failure. 
C)  Obstructive liver disease. 
D)  Hyperthyroidism. 
A)  Hypothyroidism. 
B)  Chronic renal failure. 
C)  Obstructive liver disease. 
D)  Hyperthyroidism.

Question 5

Cholesterol is a:

Accepted Answer

A)  Glycerol ester. 
B)  Cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. 
C)  Fatty acid. 
D)  Phospholipid. 
A)  Glycerol ester. 
B)  Cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. 
C)  Fatty acid. 
D)  Phospholipid.

Question 6

The following are criteria for Clinical Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Elevated waist circumference. 
B)  Elevated triglycerides. 
C)  Reduced HDL-C. 
D)  Low fasting glucose. 
A)  Elevated waist circumference. 
B)  Elevated triglycerides. 
C)  Reduced HDL-C. 
D)  Low fasting glucose.

Question 7

Which of the following lipid fractions are very large molecules with a low density and give plasma a milky appearance when present in increased amounts?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chylomicrons 
B)  VLDL 
C)  IDL 
D)  LDL 
E)  HDL 
A)  Chylomicrons 
B)  VLDL 
C)  IDL 
D)  LDL 
E)  HDL

Question 8

The Friedwald formula for estimating LDL cholesterol should NOT be used when:

Accepted Answer

A)  HDL cholesterol is greater than 40 mg/dL. 
B)  Triglyceride is greater than 400 mg/dL. 
C)  Plasma shows no visible evidence of lipemia. 
D)  Total cholesterol is elevated based on the age and sex of the patient. 
A)  HDL cholesterol is greater than 40 mg/dL. 
B)  Triglyceride is greater than 400 mg/dL. 
C)  Plasma shows no visible evidence of lipemia. 
D)  Total cholesterol is elevated based on the age and sex of the patient.

Question 9

The National Cholesterol Education Program ATP III goal for desirable HDL cholesterol is:

Accepted Answer

A)   40 mg/dL. 
A)   40 mg/dL.

Question 10

Acyl-cholesterol acyltransferase:

Accepted Answer

A)  Esterifies free cholesterol from the outer layer of the lipoprotein followed by a shift of the esterified cholesterol to the core of the chylomicrons. 
B)  Hydrolyzes triglycerides on the surface of chylomicrons to glycerol and fatty acids. 
C)  Converts free cholesterol to esterified cholesterol for storage. 
D)  Converts cholesterol to esterified cholesterol. 
A)  Esterifies free cholesterol from the outer layer of the lipoprotein followed by a shift of the esterified cholesterol to the core of the chylomicrons. 
B)  Hydrolyzes triglycerides on the surface of chylomicrons to glycerol and fatty acids. 
C)  Converts free cholesterol to esterified cholesterol for storage. 
D)  Converts cholesterol to esterified cholesterol.

Question 11

Select the desirable cutoff for serum LDL cholesterol recommended by the National Cholesterol Education Program.

Accepted Answer

A)  80 mg/dL 
B)  100 mg/dL 
C)  150 mg/dL 
D)  200 mg/dL 
A)  80 mg/dL 
B)  100 mg/dL 
C)  150 mg/dL 
D)  200 mg/dL

Question 12

A 52-year-old man went to his doctor for a physical examination. The patient was overweight and had missed his last two appointments because of business dealings. His blood pressure was elevated, his cholesterol was 250 mg/dL, and his triglyceride was 170 mg/dL. A high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol test was performed and the result was 30 mg/dL (20-60 mg/dL). Which of the following would be this patient's calculated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol value?

Accepted Answer

A)  157 mg/dL 
B)  186 mg/dL 
C)  200 mg/dL 
D)  Cannot be determined from the information given 
A)  157 mg/dL 
B)  186 mg/dL 
C)  200 mg/dL 
D)  Cannot be determined from the information given

Question 13

Which of the following lipids are derivatives of fatty acids comprised of 20 C atoms including a 5 C cyclopentane ring?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phospholipids 
B)  Prostaglandins 
C)  Triglycerides 
D)  Cholesterol 
A)  Phospholipids 
B)  Prostaglandins 
C)  Triglycerides 
D)  Cholesterol

Question 14

HDL cholesterol + LDL cholesterol + chylomicrons ? HDL. Which is NOT used as a precipitating reagent for determining cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

A)  Heparin-manganese chloride 
B)  Dextran-sulfate-Mn (II) 
C)  Phosphotungstate-Mn (II) 
D)  Sulfosalicylic acid 
A)  Heparin-manganese chloride 
B)  Dextran-sulfate-Mn (II) 
C)  Phosphotungstate-Mn (II) 
D)  Sulfosalicylic acid

Question 15

The BORDERLINE range for cholesterol levels as determined by NCEP is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Below 200 mg/dL. 
B)  200-240 mg/dL. 
C)  Over 240 mg/dL. 
D)  Over 300 mg/dL. 
A)  Below 200 mg/dL. 
B)  200-240 mg/dL. 
C)  Over 240 mg/dL. 
D)  Over 300 mg/dL.

Question 16

In uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, cholesterol and triglycerides are:

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased. 
B)  Decreased. 
C)  Not affected. 
D)  Neither is increased. 
A)  Increased. 
B)  Decreased. 
C)  Not affected. 
D)  Neither is increased.

Question 17

Which of the following is a group of interrelated metabolic risk factors that appear to directly promote the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metabolic syndrome 
B)  Hypercholesterolemia 
C)  Syndrome B 
D)  Familial hypercholesterolemia 
A)  Metabolic syndrome 
B)  Hypercholesterolemia 
C)  Syndrome B 
D)  Familial hypercholesterolemia

Question 18

Which of the following test combinations indicates the HIGHEST risk for coronary heart disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased total cholesterol, increased HDL cholesterol 
B)  Increased total cholesterol, decreased HDL cholesterol 
C)  Decreased total cholesterol, decreased HDL cholesterol 
D)  Decreased total cholesterol, increased HDL cholesterol 
A)  Increased total cholesterol, increased HDL cholesterol 
B)  Increased total cholesterol, decreased HDL cholesterol 
C)  Decreased total cholesterol, decreased HDL cholesterol 
D)  Decreased total cholesterol, increased HDL cholesterol

Question 19

What percentage of serum cholesterol is present in the form of esters?

Accepted Answer

A)  10-20% 
B)  20-40% 
C)  60-75% 
D)  80-95% 
A)  10-20% 
B)  20-40% 
C)  60-75% 
D)  80-95%

Question 20

Which apolipoprotein has the ability to INCREASE the risk of coronary heart disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Apo A1 
B)  Apo B100 
C)  Apo B48 
D)  Apo E11 
A)  Apo A1 
B)  Apo B100 
C)  Apo B48 
D)  Apo E11

Exam 8: Lipids

The enzymatic determination of glycerol in triglyceride analysis usually involves conversion of glycerol to:

The first step in the enzymatic cholesterol reaction, which results in free cholesterol esterase, is:

Risk factors for coronary heart disease include all of the following EXCEPT:

Secondary causes of elevated LDL include all of the following EXCEPT:

Cholesterol is a:

The following are criteria for Clinical Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome EXCEPT:

Which of the following lipid fractions are very large molecules with a low density and give plasma a milky appearance when present in increased amounts?

The Friedwald formula for estimating LDL cholesterol should NOT be used when:

The National Cholesterol Education Program ATP III goal for desirable HDL cholesterol is:

Acyl-cholesterol acyltransferase:

Select the desirable cutoff for serum LDL cholesterol recommended by the National Cholesterol Education Program.

Which of the following lipids are derivatives of fatty acids comprised of 20 C atoms including a 5 C cyclopentane ring?

HDL cholesterol + LDL cholesterol + chylomicrons ? HDL. Which is NOT used as a precipitating reagent for determining cholesterol?

The BORDERLINE range for cholesterol levels as determined by NCEP is:

In uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, cholesterol and triglycerides are:

Which of the following is a group of interrelated metabolic risk factors that appear to directly promote the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease?

Which of the following test combinations indicates the HIGHEST risk for coronary heart disease?

What percentage of serum cholesterol is present in the form of esters?

Which apolipoprotein has the ability to INCREASE the risk of coronary heart disease?

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