Question 1

For translation to begin mRNA must first bind to a ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of For translation to begin mRNA must first...

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the function of genes?

Accepted Answer

A) They control the production of enzymes. 
B) They control the production of structural proteins. 
C) They control the production of all proteins. 
D) They control the production of amino acids. 
A) They control the production of enzymes. 
B) They control the production of structural proteins. 
C) They control the production of all proteins. 
D) They control the production of amino acids.

Question 3

The importance of tRNA is that it

Accepted Answer

A) carries a specific amino acid to the mRNA. 
B) reads the DNA molecule. 
C) contains codons that specify amino acids. 
D) is important in the construction of ribosomes. 
A) carries a specific amino acid to the mRNA. 
B) reads the DNA molecule. 
C) contains codons that specify amino acids. 
D) is important in the construction of ribosomes.

Question 4

The third position in the ____________________ of some tRNAs is said to wobble because it can pair with up to three different bases.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The third position in the ____________________ of...

Question 5

In bacteria, the antibiotic tetracycline blocks the site where tRNA molecules enter the ribosome. The most likely reason that bacteria die from treatment with tetracycline is because the antibiotic

Accepted Answer

A) inhibits the cell from producing the mRNA. 
B) causes the tRNA molecules to randomly arrange into proteins that do not function. 
C) causes tRNA rather than mRNA to be made into proteins. 
D) prevents the bacteria from assembling essential proteins. 
A) inhibits the cell from producing the mRNA. 
B) causes the tRNA molecules to randomly arrange into proteins that do not function. 
C) causes tRNA rather than mRNA to be made into proteins. 
D) prevents the bacteria from assembling essential proteins.

Question 6

The three-dimensional structure of the protein made by a single mRNA molecule varies, but whatever the shape, the overall function of that protein does not change.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

A codon can specify up to three different amino acids.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Molecule B in the image below is RNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

For a firefly to glow, the enzyme luciferase must assist a chemical reaction in the cells of the firefly. A scientist uses a chemical to induce a mutation in the luciferase gene in a strain of fireflies. Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Even if the mutation changes the structure of the luciferase protein, it will still be able to perform the chemical reactions needed to make the firefly glow. 
B) The ability of the firefly to glow may or may not be affected by the mutation. 
C) The mutation will affect the structure of the mRNA made from the gene, but not the structure of the protein made from the gene. 
D) Any mutation in a gene causes that gene to stop making functional proteins. 
A) Even if the mutation changes the structure of the luciferase protein, it will still be able to perform the chemical reactions needed to make the firefly glow. 
B) The ability of the firefly to glow may or may not be affected by the mutation. 
C) The mutation will affect the structure of the mRNA made from the gene, but not the structure of the protein made from the gene. 
D) Any mutation in a gene causes that gene to stop making functional proteins.

Question 10

Following transcription, the

Accepted Answer

A) strands of DNA bond back to each other. 
B) mRNA is digested. 
C) DNA molecule is broken down. 
D) ribosome is released from the tRNA molecule. 
A) strands of DNA bond back to each other. 
B) mRNA is digested. 
C) DNA molecule is broken down. 
D) ribosome is released from the tRNA molecule.

Question 11

The sequence of nucleotides on an mRNA molecule

Accepted Answer

A) is complementary to the DNA template strand. 
B) matches the sequence of the ribosome that will translate the mRNA. 
C) exactly matches the template strand (except where U is substituted for T). 
D) is identical to that of the promoter. 
A) is complementary to the DNA template strand. 
B) matches the sequence of the ribosome that will translate the mRNA. 
C) exactly matches the template strand (except where U is substituted for T). 
D) is identical to that of the promoter.

Question 12

The intermediary molecule that transmits information in a gene to a ribosome is ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The intermediary molecule that transmits information in...

Question 13

Changing even a few bases in a molecule of DNA always affects the protein product adversely.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

____________________ is different than DNA replication in that it involves the copying of just a small portion of a chromosome rather than the entire chromosome.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ is different than DNA replication in...

Question 15

During RNA splicing,

Accepted Answer

A) introns are removed from RNA and the remaining exons are glued together to form a mature mRNA. 
B) an RNA molecule is cut up into many small pieces and each piece forms a single mRNA. 
C) exons are removed from RNA and the remaining introns are fused to form a single mRNA. 
D) RNA is used to remove mutations from essential genes. 
A) introns are removed from RNA and the remaining exons are glued together to form a mature mRNA. 
B) an RNA molecule is cut up into many small pieces and each piece forms a single mRNA. 
C) exons are removed from RNA and the remaining introns are fused to form a single mRNA. 
D) RNA is used to remove mutations from essential genes.

Question 16

In the genetic code, an amino acid is specified by

Accepted Answer

A) a stop codon. 
B) rRNA. 
C) a series of four introns. 
D) a sequence of three mRNA bases. 
A) a stop codon. 
B) rRNA. 
C) a series of four introns. 
D) a sequence of three mRNA bases.

Question 17

Bacteria and humans use the same DNA components, and both kinds of cells also perform transcription and translation. Which of the following choices is a potentially significant outcome of this shared mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A) Bacteria are able to transcribe and translate human DNA, and thus they potentially could produce human proteins. 
B) Bacteria are able to transcribe and translate human DNA, thus they could evolve into humans. 
C) Bacterial and human proteins are identical in amino acid sequence because the mechanism for producing them is the same. 
D) Bacterial and human DNA are identical in sequence because the method for producing them is the same. 
A) Bacteria are able to transcribe and translate human DNA, and thus they potentially could produce human proteins. 
B) Bacteria are able to transcribe and translate human DNA, thus they could evolve into humans. 
C) Bacterial and human proteins are identical in amino acid sequence because the mechanism for producing them is the same. 
D) Bacterial and human DNA are identical in sequence because the method for producing them is the same.

Question 18

When does a cell undergo transcription?

Accepted Answer

A) during S phase 
B) during interphase 
C) only when the cell needs a specific protein 
D) all the time 
A) during S phase 
B) during interphase 
C) only when the cell needs a specific protein 
D) all the time

Question 19

Because they are so distantly related, the codons for serine in a black widow spider would probably be much different from the codons for serine in bluebirds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Each set of three bases in an mRNA molecule codes for one of 20 specific

Accepted Answer

A) rRNA molecules. 
B) nucleotides. 
C) amino acids. 
D) proteins. 
A) rRNA molecules. 
B) nucleotides. 
C) amino acids. 
D) proteins.

Exam 15: From Gene to Protein

For translation to begin mRNA must first bind to a ____________________.

Which of the following best describes the function of genes?

The importance of tRNA is that it

The third position in the ____________________ of some tRNAs is said to wobble because it can pair with up to three different bases.

In bacteria, the antibiotic tetracycline blocks the site where tRNA molecules enter the ribosome. The most likely reason that bacteria die from treatment with tetracycline is because the antibiotic

The three-dimensional structure of the protein made by a single mRNA molecule varies, but whatever the shape, the overall function of that protein does not change.

A codon can specify up to three different amino acids.

Molecule B in the image below is RNA.

For a firefly to glow, the enzyme luciferase must assist a chemical reaction in the cells of the firefly. A scientist uses a chemical to induce a mutation in the luciferase gene in a strain of fireflies. Which of the following is true?

Following transcription, the

The sequence of nucleotides on an mRNA molecule

The intermediary molecule that transmits information in a gene to a ribosome is ____________________.

Changing even a few bases in a molecule of DNA always affects the protein product adversely.

____________________ is different than DNA replication in that it involves the copying of just a small portion of a chromosome rather than the entire chromosome.

During RNA splicing,

In the genetic code, an amino acid is specified by

Bacteria and humans use the same DNA components, and both kinds of cells also perform transcription and translation. Which of the following choices is a potentially significant outcome of this shared mechanism?

When does a cell undergo transcription?

Because they are so distantly related, the codons for serine in a black widow spider would probably be much different from the codons for serine in bluebirds.

Each set of three bases in an mRNA molecule codes for one of 20 specific

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