Question 1

A specific gene can be found in several possible places on a given chromosome.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Because an individual with an XX genotype is a female, is an individual with an XO (no second sex chromosome)a male?

Accepted Answer

A) No, because the X always overrides the Y and makes that embryo female. 
B) No, because the Y chromosome contains the gene that makes an embryo male. 
C) Yes, because if there is only one X, the embryo cannot become female. 
D) Yes, because all embryos start off as males. 
A) No, because the X always overrides the Y and makes that embryo female. 
B) No, because the Y chromosome contains the gene that makes an embryo male. 
C) Yes, because if there is only one X, the embryo cannot become female. 
D) Yes, because all embryos start off as males.

Question 3

The figure below contains a pedigree for cystic fibrosis, an autosomal recessive disorder. Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A) At least two of the members of Generation I are carriers of cystic fibrosis. 
B) None of the members of Generation II is a carrier of cystic fibrosis. 
C) Individual 2 in Generation II has cystic fibrosis. 
D) The cystic fibrosis gene is found on a sex chromosome. 
A) At least two of the members of Generation I are carriers of cystic fibrosis. 
B) None of the members of Generation II is a carrier of cystic fibrosis. 
C) Individual 2 in Generation II has cystic fibrosis. 
D) The cystic fibrosis gene is found on a sex chromosome.

Question 4

The gender of a human child is determined by the

Accepted Answer

A) loci. 
B) autosome. 
C) egg. 
D) sperm. 
A) loci. 
B) autosome. 
C) egg. 
D) sperm.

Question 5

What effect does gene linkage have on the overall variety of individuals produced?

Accepted Answer

A) It increases the probable variation between individuals. 
B) It does not affect the probable variation between individuals. 
C) It decreases the probable variation between individuals. 
D) It causes excessive crossing-over within the genome. 
A) It increases the probable variation between individuals. 
B) It does not affect the probable variation between individuals. 
C) It decreases the probable variation between individuals. 
D) It causes excessive crossing-over within the genome.

Question 6

This pedigree diagrams an X-linked gene. The individual indicated by the question mark is _____ for the gene.

Accepted Answer

A) heterozygous 
B) homozygous 
C) autosomal 
D) There is not enough information to determine the answer. 
A) heterozygous 
B) homozygous 
C) autosomal 
D) There is not enough information to determine the answer.

Question 7

The genetic disorder followed through this pedigree is

Accepted Answer

A) recessive and X-linked. 
B) recessive and not X-linked. 
C) dominant and X-linked. 
D) dominant and not X-linked. 
A) recessive and X-linked. 
B) recessive and not X-linked. 
C) dominant and X-linked. 
D) dominant and not X-linked.

Question 8

Which of the following genetic changes would not be heritable?

Accepted Answer

A) a mutation in a skin cell 
B) the loss of a chromosome in a sperm cell 
C) the addition of a chromosome in an egg cell 
D) a mutation in a gene in a gamete 
A) a mutation in a skin cell 
B) the loss of a chromosome in a sperm cell 
C) the addition of a chromosome in an egg cell 
D) a mutation in a gene in a gamete

Question 9

We now know that the gene for flower color and the gene for seed color are both on chromosome 1 of the pea plants once studied by Mendel. According to Mendel's results, flower color and seed color undergo independent assortment. Which of the following explanations is most likely?

Accepted Answer

A) Nonhomologous chromosomes containing the two genes underwent crossing-over to create a new "hybrid" chromosome containing both genes. 
B) During a round of meiosis, the female part of a flower failed to separate a homologous pair, forcing the seed-color gene to pair up with the flower-color gene. 
C) Between the time that Mendel studied peas and modern times, one of the genes was translocated onto chromosome 1 so that in modern times two genes that were once on separate chromosomes are now linked. 
D) These genes are so far apart on chromosome 1 that they undergo independent assortment. 
A) Nonhomologous chromosomes containing the two genes underwent crossing-over to create a new "hybrid" chromosome containing both genes. 
B) During a round of meiosis, the female part of a flower failed to separate a homologous pair, forcing the seed-color gene to pair up with the flower-color gene. 
C) Between the time that Mendel studied peas and modern times, one of the genes was translocated onto chromosome 1 so that in modern times two genes that were once on separate chromosomes are now linked. 
D) These genes are so far apart on chromosome 1 that they undergo independent assortment.

Question 10

Which of the following is true of the cross shown in the figure below?

Accepted Answer

A) All of their daughters will be carriers. 
B) Their sons have a 50 percent chance of being carriers. 
C) Their sons have a 50 percent chance of having the disorder. 
D) Their daughters have a 50 percent chance of having the disorder. 
A) All of their daughters will be carriers. 
B) Their sons have a 50 percent chance of being carriers. 
C) Their sons have a 50 percent chance of having the disorder. 
D) Their daughters have a 50 percent chance of having the disorder.

Question 11

"New" chromosomes are generated when homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material during ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of "New" chromosomes are generated when homologous chromosomes...

Question 12

Why are X-linked recessive genetic disorders more commonly seen in males?

Accepted Answer

A) For an X-linked disorder to occur, an individual must receive one allele only found on the X chromosome and a second allele found only on the Y chromosome, which females do not have. 
B) Females must receive two copies of the recessive allele to exhibit the disorder, but males need only one copy. 
C) The alleles of sex-linked genes are carried only on the Y chromosome, which females do not have. 
D) Females only have X chromosomes and genes on the X chromosome are not expressed. 
A) For an X-linked disorder to occur, an individual must receive one allele only found on the X chromosome and a second allele found only on the Y chromosome, which females do not have. 
B) Females must receive two copies of the recessive allele to exhibit the disorder, but males need only one copy. 
C) The alleles of sex-linked genes are carried only on the Y chromosome, which females do not have. 
D) Females only have X chromosomes and genes on the X chromosome are not expressed.

Question 13

Which of the following processes creates new alleles?

Accepted Answer

A) crossing-over 
B) independent assortment 
C) mutation 
D) random fertilization 
A) crossing-over 
B) independent assortment 
C) mutation 
D) random fertilization

Question 14

All diseases are the result of inherited traits.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The gene for a certain sex-linked trait is found only on the Y chromosome. If the male parent carries this gene, which of the following statements about the inheritance of that trait is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The trait will be expressed in 100 percent of the female offspring. 
B) The trait will be expressed in 50 percent of the female offspring. 
C) The trait will be expressed in 100 percent of the male offspring. 
D) The trait will be expressed in 50 percent of the male offspring. 
A) The trait will be expressed in 100 percent of the female offspring. 
B) The trait will be expressed in 50 percent of the female offspring. 
C) The trait will be expressed in 100 percent of the male offspring. 
D) The trait will be expressed in 50 percent of the male offspring.

Question 16

Recessive genetic disorders are quickly eliminated from human populations because people who have them die before they can reproduce.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

If a recessive allele causes a fatal disease that kills the affected individual before he or she can reproduce, why doesn't that allele quickly become extinct in the population?

Accepted Answer

A) Alleles are never lost from a population. 
B) The homozygous dominant individuals protect the recessive allele in their genomes. 
C) The recessive allele is carried in the genome of heterozygotes, who do not suffer from the disease. 
D) The homozygous recessive individuals give their alleles to other individuals before they die from the disease. 
A) Alleles are never lost from a population. 
B) The homozygous dominant individuals protect the recessive allele in their genomes. 
C) The recessive allele is carried in the genome of heterozygotes, who do not suffer from the disease. 
D) The homozygous recessive individuals give their alleles to other individuals before they die from the disease.

Question 18

Spontaneous abortions are often due to the addition or deletion of whole ____________________ in the gametes that fused to form the zygote.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Spontaneous abortions are often due to the...

Question 19

If DNA testing reveals that you carry alleles for a particular genetic disorder, you will definitely get that disorder at some point in the future.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Human males have one chromosome that females do not, known as the ____________________ chromosome.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Human males have one chromosome that females...

Exam 13: Chromosomes and Human Genetics

A specific gene can be found in several possible places on a given chromosome.

Because an individual with an XX genotype is a female, is an individual with an XO (no second sex chromosome)a male?

The figure below contains a pedigree for cystic fibrosis, an autosomal recessive disorder. Which of the following is true?

The gender of a human child is determined by the

What effect does gene linkage have on the overall variety of individuals produced?

This pedigree diagrams an X-linked gene. The individual indicated by the question mark is _____ for the gene.

The genetic disorder followed through this pedigree is

Which of the following genetic changes would not be heritable?

We now know that the gene for flower color and the gene for seed color are both on chromosome 1 of the pea plants once studied by Mendel. According to Mendel's results, flower color and seed color undergo independent assortment. Which of the following explanations is most likely?

Which of the following is true of the cross shown in the figure below?

"New" chromosomes are generated when homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material during ____________________.

Why are X-linked recessive genetic disorders more commonly seen in males?

Which of the following processes creates new alleles?

All diseases are the result of inherited traits.

The gene for a certain sex-linked trait is found only on the Y chromosome. If the male parent carries this gene, which of the following statements about the inheritance of that trait is true?

Recessive genetic disorders are quickly eliminated from human populations because people who have them die before they can reproduce.

If a recessive allele causes a fatal disease that kills the affected individual before he or she can reproduce, why doesn't that allele quickly become extinct in the population?

Spontaneous abortions are often due to the addition or deletion of whole ____________________ in the gametes that fused to form the zygote.

If DNA testing reveals that you carry alleles for a particular genetic disorder, you will definitely get that disorder at some point in the future.

Human males have one chromosome that females do not, known as the ____________________ chromosome.

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

Biological Diversity, Bacteria, and Archaea

Protista, Plantae, and Fungi

Animalia

The Chemistry of Life

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Energy, Metabolism, and Enzymes

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Stem Cells, Cancer, and Human Health

Patterns of Inheritance

Dna and Genes

From Gene to Protein

Dna Technology

How Evolution Works

Evolution of Populations

Speciation and the Origins of Biological Diversity

The Evolutionary History of Life

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems

Global Change

Internal Organization and Homeostasis

Nutrition and Digestion

Circulation and Gas Exchange

Animal Hormones

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Skeletons, Muscles, and Movement

Defenses Against Disease

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Plant Structure, Nutrition, and Transport

Plant Growth and Reproduction

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