Question 1

Multicellular organisms have various specialized cells because

Accepted Answer

A) any one cell can contain only one kind of organelle. 
B) each kind of cell is able to function in isolation. 
C) specialized cells ensure that processes necessary for life occur efficiently. 
D) the DNA of cells is not accurately copied. 
A) any one cell can contain only one kind of organelle. 
B) each kind of cell is able to function in isolation. 
C) specialized cells ensure that processes necessary for life occur efficiently. 
D) the DNA of cells is not accurately copied.

Question 2

After entering its target cell, a hydrophobic hormone binds to its intracellular receptor and interacts with the cell's DNA, resulting in the production of a specific ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of After entering its target cell, a hydrophobic...

Question 3

Imagine a cell needing an essential specific amino acid (one the cell cannot synthesize). What process could acquire the amino acid most quickly?

Accepted Answer

A) phagocytize and digest bacteria, extract the specific amino acid from the residue, and release to the cytoplasm 
B) place a transporter protein in the membrane that could carry the amino acid across the membrane 
C) use receptor-mediated endocytosis 
D) use simple diffusion, because the concentration of the needed amino acid will be zero and the gradient will always be maximized 
A) phagocytize and digest bacteria, extract the specific amino acid from the residue, and release to the cytoplasm 
B) place a transporter protein in the membrane that could carry the amino acid across the membrane 
C) use receptor-mediated endocytosis 
D) use simple diffusion, because the concentration of the needed amino acid will be zero and the gradient will always be maximized

Question 4

As a biological process, osmosis

Accepted Answer

A) requires an input of cellular energy. 
B) moves solute from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. 
C) is a type of passive transport. 
D) requires reorganization of the plasma membrane. 
A) requires an input of cellular energy. 
B) moves solute from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. 
C) is a type of passive transport. 
D) requires reorganization of the plasma membrane.

Question 5

Plasmodesmata are not found in animal cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

A cell that is gaining water from its surroundings is in a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) hypertonic solution. 
B) hypotonic solution. 
C) isotonic solution. 
D) endotonic solution. 
A) hypertonic solution. 
B) hypotonic solution. 
C) isotonic solution. 
D) endotonic solution.

Question 7

One of the major functions of the plasma membrane is to

Accepted Answer

A) prevent the loss of proteins from mitochondria. 
B) contract and give animals their ability to move. 
C) control what enters and leaves a cell. 
D) provide physical support to the nucleus. 
A) prevent the loss of proteins from mitochondria. 
B) contract and give animals their ability to move. 
C) control what enters and leaves a cell. 
D) provide physical support to the nucleus.

Question 8

Ingested protein is always degraded to amino acids before absorption in the mature human small intestine, but nursing infants can absorb intact antibodies (large protein molecules)from breast milk. How might this difference in intestinal function be explained?

Accepted Answer

A) The tight junctions that prevent molecules from creeping through the epithelial lining of the small intestine are not yet fully developed in infants. 
B) The anchoring junctions that interlock adjacent cells can be selectively activated or disabled in infants to permit the selective passage of specific substances. 
C) Infants have gap junctions that open to the lumen of the small intestine and admit appropriately sized proteins. 
D) Any of the above is a reasonable explanation. 
A) The tight junctions that prevent molecules from creeping through the epithelial lining of the small intestine are not yet fully developed in infants. 
B) The anchoring junctions that interlock adjacent cells can be selectively activated or disabled in infants to permit the selective passage of specific substances. 
C) Infants have gap junctions that open to the lumen of the small intestine and admit appropriately sized proteins. 
D) Any of the above is a reasonable explanation.

Question 9

Which statement best describes the equilibrium condition shown in the illustration below?

Accepted Answer

A) A sample taken from anywhere in the container will have the same concentration of solute. 
B) Eventually, gravity will move most solute particles to the bottom of the container. 
C) The molecular motion that initially distributed the solute has ceased once the equilibrium was established. 
D) None of the above statements describe the equilibrium shown in the illustration. 
A) A sample taken from anywhere in the container will have the same concentration of solute. 
B) Eventually, gravity will move most solute particles to the bottom of the container. 
C) The molecular motion that initially distributed the solute has ceased once the equilibrium was established. 
D) None of the above statements describe the equilibrium shown in the illustration.

Question 10

All steroid hormones are derived from

Accepted Answer

A) cholesterol. 
B) progesterone. 
C) testosterone. 
D) adrenaline. 
A) cholesterol. 
B) progesterone. 
C) testosterone. 
D) adrenaline.

Question 11

Which of the following would supply energy directly to an active carrier protein?

Accepted Answer

A) starch 
B) sugars 
C) ATP 
D) fatty acids 
A) starch 
B) sugars 
C) ATP 
D) fatty acids

Question 12

Which of the following are found in plants?

Accepted Answer

A) plasmodesmata 
B) tight junctions 
C) gap junctions 
D) anchoring junctions 
A) plasmodesmata 
B) tight junctions 
C) gap junctions 
D) anchoring junctions

Question 13

Epithelial tissue in animals provides a barrier against the invasion of bacteria into the body. Which of the following is most likely responsible for creating a tight enough barrier to prevent the passage of bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A) anchoring junctions 
B) gap junctions 
C) tight junctions 
D) plasmodesmata 
A) anchoring junctions 
B) gap junctions 
C) tight junctions 
D) plasmodesmata

Question 14

The viscous coating found around most animal cells is called the extracellular ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The viscous coating found around most animal...

Question 15

The concentration of solutes is higher within the mitochondria than it is in the cytosol. The cytosol is ____________________ [hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic] to the inside of the mitochondrion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The concentration of solutes is higher within...

Question 16

When placed in a 2 percent sucrose solution, red blood cells crenate (lose volume); relative to the red blood cell cytoplasm a 2 percent solute must be

Accepted Answer

A) less concentrated (hypotonic). 
B) more concentrated (hypertonic). 
C) equally concentrated (isotonic). 
D) The answer cannot be determined from the information given. 
A) less concentrated (hypotonic). 
B) more concentrated (hypertonic). 
C) equally concentrated (isotonic). 
D) The answer cannot be determined from the information given.

Question 17

Steroids are unable to cross the plasma membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The fragrance of bread baking in a kitchen spreads to other rooms by

Accepted Answer

A) active transport. 
B) diffusion. 
C) osmosis. 
D) selective permeation. 
A) active transport. 
B) diffusion. 
C) osmosis. 
D) selective permeation.

Question 19

Cell signaling

Accepted Answer

A) is always a rapid process. 
B) can be fast or slow. 
C) is always a slow process. 
D) does not occur in plants. 
A) is always a rapid process. 
B) can be fast or slow. 
C) is always a slow process. 
D) does not occur in plants.

Question 20

Active transport requires

Accepted Answer

A) cellular energy, usually in the form of ATP. 
B) thermal energy from the environment. 
C) hormonal activation of specific protein carriers. 
D) the initial movement of water by osmosis to develop a favorable concentration gradient. 
A) cellular energy, usually in the form of ATP. 
B) thermal energy from the environment. 
C) hormonal activation of specific protein carriers. 
D) the initial movement of water by osmosis to develop a favorable concentration gradient.

Exam 7: Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Multicellular organisms have various specialized cells because

After entering its target cell, a hydrophobic hormone binds to its intracellular receptor and interacts with the cell's DNA, resulting in the production of a specific ____________________.

Imagine a cell needing an essential specific amino acid (one the cell cannot synthesize). What process could acquire the amino acid most quickly?

As a biological process, osmosis

Plasmodesmata are not found in animal cells.

A cell that is gaining water from its surroundings is in a(n)

One of the major functions of the plasma membrane is to

Ingested protein is always degraded to amino acids before absorption in the mature human small intestine, but nursing infants can absorb intact antibodies (large protein molecules)from breast milk. How might this difference in intestinal function be explained?

Which statement best describes the equilibrium condition shown in the illustration below?

All steroid hormones are derived from

Which of the following would supply energy directly to an active carrier protein?

Which of the following are found in plants?

Epithelial tissue in animals provides a barrier against the invasion of bacteria into the body. Which of the following is most likely responsible for creating a tight enough barrier to prevent the passage of bacteria?

The viscous coating found around most animal cells is called the extracellular ____________________.

The concentration of solutes is higher within the mitochondria than it is in the cytosol. The cytosol is ____________________ [hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic] to the inside of the mitochondrion.

When placed in a 2 percent sucrose solution, red blood cells crenate (lose volume); relative to the red blood cell cytoplasm a 2 percent solute must be

Steroids are unable to cross the plasma membrane.

The fragrance of bread baking in a kitchen spreads to other rooms by

Cell signaling

Active transport requires

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