Question 1

In order to determine relationships among different organisms scientists would examine

Accepted Answer

A) DNA. 
B) behavior. 
C) body structures. 
D) all of the above 
A) DNA. 
B) behavior. 
C) body structures. 
D) all of the above

Question 2

The status of viruses has been controversial but most biologists now agree that the most appropriate description for a virus is a microscopic, ____________________ infective particle.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The status of viruses has been controversial...

Question 3

The chemical composition of ancient sediments suggests that oxygen was essentially absent from the atmosphere of the early Earth; how can its abundance in today's atmosphere be explained?

Accepted Answer

A) Sunlight split water molecules apart, a process that produced oxygen gas. 
B) Volcanic activity released oxygen that had been trapped beneath the Earth's surface. 
C) Cyanobacteria and some eukaryotes produced oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis. 
D) Chemical erosion of the Earth's surface released oxygen initially bound in surface rocks. 
A) Sunlight split water molecules apart, a process that produced oxygen gas. 
B) Volcanic activity released oxygen that had been trapped beneath the Earth's surface. 
C) Cyanobacteria and some eukaryotes produced oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis. 
D) Chemical erosion of the Earth's surface released oxygen initially bound in surface rocks.

Question 4

Based on the evolutionary tree shown below, which of the following are thought to be most closely related?

Accepted Answer

A) an oak tree and a squirrel 
B) a mushroom and a cactus 
C) a honeybee and a clover plant 
D) a clam and a mushroom 
A) an oak tree and a squirrel 
B) a mushroom and a cactus 
C) a honeybee and a clover plant 
D) a clam and a mushroom

Question 5

Evolutionary trees are based on

Accepted Answer

A) the principle of convergent evolution. 
B) a set of shared characteristics believed to have arisen in a common ancestor. 
C) similarities in the function of a characteristic or trait. 
D) consensus among biologists regarding the usefulness of particular traits. 
A) the principle of convergent evolution. 
B) a set of shared characteristics believed to have arisen in a common ancestor. 
C) similarities in the function of a characteristic or trait. 
D) consensus among biologists regarding the usefulness of particular traits.

Question 6

All of the following sources of information except _____ can be used to construct evolutionary trees.

Accepted Answer

A) habitat preferences 
B) body form 
C) instinctive behavior 
D) learned behaviors 
A) habitat preferences 
B) body form 
C) instinctive behavior 
D) learned behaviors

Question 7

Descendant organisms

Accepted Answer

A) do not share any features with their descendants. 
B) have all the same features as their descendants. 
C) share some features with their ancestors. 
D) do not have features their ancestors lacked. 
A) do not share any features with their descendants. 
B) have all the same features as their descendants. 
C) share some features with their ancestors. 
D) do not have features their ancestors lacked.

Question 8

____________________ is the science of naming and classifying organisms within the Linnaean hierarchy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ is the science of naming and...

Question 9

When success is defined as the greatest number of living individuals, Earth's most successful inhabitants are the

Accepted Answer

A) vertebrates and birds. 
B) fungi and animals. 
C) bacteria and archaea. 
D) plants and animals. 
A) vertebrates and birds. 
B) fungi and animals. 
C) bacteria and archaea. 
D) plants and animals.

Question 10

Canis latrans is the scientific name for the coyote. The term Canis represents the coyotes'

Accepted Answer

A) genus. 
B) kingdom. 
C) order. 
D) species. 
A) genus. 
B) kingdom. 
C) order. 
D) species.

Question 11

In addition to the Bacteria, which other kingdom is comprised exclusively of prokaryotic organisms?

Accepted Answer

A) Archaea 
B) Fungi 
C) Protista 
D) Plantae 
A) Archaea 
B) Fungi 
C) Protista 
D) Plantae

Question 12

The organisms found living inside boiling-hot geysers can be described as thermophiles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The photograph below shows Sulfolubus, an archaean that lives in environments with very high temperatures.  
What hypothesis can explain the extreme habitats of the archaeans?

Accepted Answer

A) They came to Earth from other planets, where harsher conditions prevail. 
B) They would be more widespread, but are unable to successfully compete with bacteria and now occupy habitats where bacteria cannot live. 
C) Archaeans evolved when Earth was much less hospitable, and are now relegated to those habitats most similar to early Earth. 
D) Numerous food resources are available and unexploited in Earth's extreme habitats. 
A) They came to Earth from other planets, where harsher conditions prevail. 
B) They would be more widespread, but are unable to successfully compete with bacteria and now occupy habitats where bacteria cannot live. 
C) Archaeans evolved when Earth was much less hospitable, and are now relegated to those habitats most similar to early Earth. 
D) Numerous food resources are available and unexploited in Earth's extreme habitats.

Question 14

Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya are the three biological domains.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Any two groups of organisms will have

Accepted Answer

A) 2 most recent common ancestors. 
B) no more than 4 most recent common ancestors. 
C) only 1 most recent common ancestor. 
D) as many as 16 most recent common ancestors. 
A) 2 most recent common ancestors. 
B) no more than 4 most recent common ancestors. 
C) only 1 most recent common ancestor. 
D) as many as 16 most recent common ancestors.

Question 16

Using the simplest methods to study the composition of intestinal microbial flora, it is necessary to collect a ____________________ sample from the subject.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using the simplest methods to study the...

Question 17

Examine the evolutionary tree pictured below.  
In this evolutionary tree, which number represents the most recent common ancestor of A, B, and C?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4

Question 18

Taxonomy is the subdiscipline in biology that classifies living organisms; at the present time

Accepted Answer

A) all living organisms have been discovered, named, and their relationships to other organisms described. 
B) humans have just finished a complete count of the number of species on Earth. 
C) the diversity of organisms on Earth is not completely known and estimates of the number of unknown species vary 10-fold. 
D) there is no consensus regarding the appropriate classification strategy for the currently known organisms. 
A) all living organisms have been discovered, named, and their relationships to other organisms described. 
B) humans have just finished a complete count of the number of species on Earth. 
C) the diversity of organisms on Earth is not completely known and estimates of the number of unknown species vary 10-fold. 
D) there is no consensus regarding the appropriate classification strategy for the currently known organisms.

Question 19

Evolutionary tree diagrams representing the relationships between various organisms can be drawn only when those organisms share a

Accepted Answer

A) common cellular metabolism. 
B) distinct lineage. 
C) common cellular organization. 
D) common ancestor. 
A) common cellular metabolism. 
B) distinct lineage. 
C) common cellular organization. 
D) common ancestor.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about modern classification is not correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Systematic studies have revealed so many errors within the Linnaean hierarchy that it is no longer considered useful. 
B) The number of taxa in the Linnaean hierarchy has been determined subjectively; it represents a human understanding of natural processes. 
C) A complete evolutionary lineage includes all the descendants of a single common ancestor. 
D) Many scientists are reluctant to accept classification information from newer technologies like DNA analysis. 
A) Systematic studies have revealed so many errors within the Linnaean hierarchy that it is no longer considered useful. 
B) The number of taxa in the Linnaean hierarchy has been determined subjectively; it represents a human understanding of natural processes. 
C) A complete evolutionary lineage includes all the descendants of a single common ancestor. 
D) Many scientists are reluctant to accept classification information from newer technologies like DNA analysis.

Exam 2: Biological Diversity, Bacteria, and Archaea

In order to determine relationships among different organisms scientists would examine

The status of viruses has been controversial but most biologists now agree that the most appropriate description for a virus is a microscopic, ____________________ infective particle.

The chemical composition of ancient sediments suggests that oxygen was essentially absent from the atmosphere of the early Earth; how can its abundance in today's atmosphere be explained?

Based on the evolutionary tree shown below, which of the following are thought to be most closely related?

Evolutionary trees are based on

All of the following sources of information except _____ can be used to construct evolutionary trees.

Descendant organisms

____________________ is the science of naming and classifying organisms within the Linnaean hierarchy.

When success is defined as the greatest number of living individuals, Earth's most successful inhabitants are the

Canis latrans is the scientific name for the coyote. The term Canis represents the coyotes'

In addition to the Bacteria, which other kingdom is comprised exclusively of prokaryotic organisms?

The organisms found living inside boiling-hot geysers can be described as thermophiles.

The photograph below shows Sulfolubus, an archaean that lives in environments with very high temperatures. What hypothesis can explain the extreme habitats of the archaeans?

Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya are the three biological domains.

Any two groups of organisms will have

Using the simplest methods to study the composition of intestinal microbial flora, it is necessary to collect a ____________________ sample from the subject.

Examine the evolutionary tree pictured below. In this evolutionary tree, which number represents the most recent common ancestor of A, B, and C?

Taxonomy is the subdiscipline in biology that classifies living organisms; at the present time

Evolutionary tree diagrams representing the relationships between various organisms can be drawn only when those organisms share a

Which of the following statements about modern classification is not correct?

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

Protista, Plantae, and Fungi

Animalia

The Chemistry of Life

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Energy, Metabolism, and Enzymes

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Stem Cells, Cancer, and Human Health

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

Dna and Genes

From Gene to Protein

Dna Technology

How Evolution Works

Evolution of Populations

Speciation and the Origins of Biological Diversity

The Evolutionary History of Life

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems

Global Change

Internal Organization and Homeostasis

Nutrition and Digestion

Circulation and Gas Exchange

Animal Hormones

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Skeletons, Muscles, and Movement

Defenses Against Disease

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Plant Structure, Nutrition, and Transport

Plant Growth and Reproduction

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