Question 1

The National Ambient Air Quality Standards:

Accepted Answer

A)  sets limits on quantities of certain pollutants that are emitted into outdoor air 
B)  are to be established taking into account the economic and feasibility of the pollution controls necessary to be implemented to protect the public health and welfare 
C)  are postponed by a variance for major emitting facilities if the owner can demonstrate that the standards will pose a significant financial burden 
D)  are established by taking into account the public health and welfare taking into account an adequate margin to allow companies to maintain reasonable profits 
E)  were met for the basic pollutants by the early 1990s 
A)  sets limits on quantities of certain pollutants that are emitted into outdoor air 
B)  are to be established taking into account the economic and feasibility of the pollution controls necessary to be implemented to protect the public health and welfare 
C)  are postponed by a variance for major emitting facilities if the owner can demonstrate that the standards will pose a significant financial burden 
D)  are established by taking into account the public health and welfare taking into account an adequate margin to allow companies to maintain reasonable profits 
E)  were met for the basic pollutants by the early 1990s

Question 2

The Clean Air Act, which establishes federal authority to control air pollution, was passed in:

Accepted Answer

A)  1960 
B)  1975 
C)  1980 
D)  1985 
E)  none of the other choices are correct 
A)  1960 
B)  1975 
C)  1980 
D)  1985 
E)  none of the other choices are correct

Question 3

The public welfare effects of a pollutant's NAAQS do NOT include which of the following:

Accepted Answer

A)  impact on plants 
B)  impact on animals 
C)  impact on soil 
D)  impact on constructed surfaces 
E)  all of the other specific choices are included 
A)  impact on plants 
B)  impact on animals 
C)  impact on soil 
D)  impact on constructed surfaces 
E)  all of the other specific choices are included

Question 4

The most important law that addresses protection for all wildlife and plants is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the Migratory Bird Treaty Act 
B)  the United Nations Law of the Sea Treaty 
C)  the Anatropous Conservation Act 
D)  the Treaty of Rio 
E)  none of the other choices 
A)  the Migratory Bird Treaty Act 
B)  the United Nations Law of the Sea Treaty 
C)  the Anatropous Conservation Act 
D)  the Treaty of Rio 
E)  none of the other choices

Question 5

Pollution from human waste (sewage) must be treated by best available technology.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Federal authority to control air pollution was established by the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Clean Air Act 
B)  Fresh Air Act 
C)  Clean Environment Act 
D)  No Pollution Act 
E)  Free Air Act 
A)  Clean Air Act 
B)  Fresh Air Act 
C)  Clean Environment Act 
D)  No Pollution Act 
E)  Free Air Act

Question 7

Vehicles are generally recognized as a major source of ozone pollution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

An environmental group wants to sue Toxics, Inc. for violating the Clean Water Act. To pursue its desired legal action the group must:

Accepted Answer

A)  notify Toxics of its intent to sue 
B)  notify the EPA of its intent to sue 
C)  allow the EPA to determine whether or not it wishes to prosecute Toxics, thereby blocking the group's action 
D)  notify Toxics of its intent to sue and notify the EPA of its intent to sue 
E)  notify Toxics of its intent to sue and notify the EPA of its intent to sue and allow the EPA to determine whether or not it wishes to prosecute Toxics, thereby blocking the group's action 
A)  notify Toxics of its intent to sue 
B)  notify the EPA of its intent to sue 
C)  allow the EPA to determine whether or not it wishes to prosecute Toxics, thereby blocking the group's action 
D)  notify Toxics of its intent to sue and notify the EPA of its intent to sue 
E)  notify Toxics of its intent to sue and notify the EPA of its intent to sue and allow the EPA to determine whether or not it wishes to prosecute Toxics, thereby blocking the group's action

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT an effect of the depletion of the ozone layer:

Accepted Answer

A)  increase in skin cancer 
B)  more eye cataracts 
C)  injury to the immune system 
D)  more premature births 
E)  none of the other specific choices are effects 
A)  increase in skin cancer 
B)  more eye cataracts 
C)  injury to the immune system 
D)  more premature births 
E)  none of the other specific choices are effects

Question 10

To establish a private nuisance, plaintiff must show the pollution is a reasonable interference with the use and enjoyment of the plaintiff's property.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Fact Pattern 18-2
Eldercare Hospital has acquired twenty acres of land in south Dallas, the poor side of the city, to build a facility that will provide care primarily for the elderly residents of that part of the city. The land had been used for various industrial purposes, including an oil transfer station, but had been abandoned for over thirty years. Dallas is a city that is always on the margin of violating the air quality standards that apply to it.
-Refer to Fact Pattern 18-2. Eldercare, once it gets built, will emit some exhaust gas from its high temperature furnace that burns hazardous medical waste. Because Dallas is a nonattainment area, which of the following is not likely to be true:

Accepted Answer

A)  Eldercare might not get built unless it can pay other near-by polluters to reduce their pollution. 
B)  Eldercare will have to use best available control technology in its exhaust systems. 
C)  Eldercare will have to certify that it comes in to compliance with the State Implementation Plan. 
D)  Eldercare will have to use lowest achievable emissions rate technology. 
E)  none of the other choices; medical facilities do not fall under the Clean Air Act emission rules. 
A)  Eldercare might not get built unless it can pay other near-by polluters to reduce their pollution. 
B)  Eldercare will have to use best available control technology in its exhaust systems. 
C)  Eldercare will have to certify that it comes in to compliance with the State Implementation Plan. 
D)  Eldercare will have to use lowest achievable emissions rate technology. 
E)  none of the other choices; medical facilities do not fall under the Clean Air Act emission rules.

Question 12

Under the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines, companies that report violations of the law by other firms in their industry will receive bounty payments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following is one of the Clean Water Act's five main elements:

Accepted Answer

A)  national effluent standards set by the EPA for each industry 
B)  water quality standards set by the states under EPA approval 
C)  a discharge permit program 
D)  special provisions for toxic chemicals and oil spills 
E)  all of the other specific choices are in the Clean Water Act 
A)  national effluent standards set by the EPA for each industry 
B)  water quality standards set by the states under EPA approval 
C)  a discharge permit program 
D)  special provisions for toxic chemicals and oil spills 
E)  all of the other specific choices are in the Clean Water Act

Question 14

Nonattainment areas under the Clean Air Act:

Accepted Answer

A)  includes the areas in national parks, wilderness areas, and national monuments 
B)  includes areas where air quality is better than pollution levels defined by national ambient air quality standards 
C)  are allowed only a slight increase in pollution because of their sensitive nature 
D)  have not met the National Ambient Air Quality Standards 
E)  requires a permit to be secured before a company builds a plant in such an area 
A)  includes the areas in national parks, wilderness areas, and national monuments 
B)  includes areas where air quality is better than pollution levels defined by national ambient air quality standards 
C)  are allowed only a slight increase in pollution because of their sensitive nature 
D)  have not met the National Ambient Air Quality Standards 
E)  requires a permit to be secured before a company builds a plant in such an area

Question 15

In Massachusetts v. EPA, where Massachusetts and other states sued to force regulation of greenhouse gases from vehicles, the Supreme Court held that:

Accepted Answer

A)  EPA has final determination of all such regulations; the states may not force EPA to regulate air quality 
B)  EPA is following the orders of Congress on emissions, so the states can petition Congress, not the courts 
C)  EPA failed in its obligation to issue regulations to cover greenhouse gases 
D)  EPA would allow the states to set their own emission standards as part of their State Implementation Plans 
E)  all of the other choices are covered in the law 
A)  EPA has final determination of all such regulations; the states may not force EPA to regulate air quality 
B)  EPA is following the orders of Congress on emissions, so the states can petition Congress, not the courts 
C)  EPA failed in its obligation to issue regulations to cover greenhouse gases 
D)  EPA would allow the states to set their own emission standards as part of their State Implementation Plans 
E)  all of the other choices are covered in the law

Question 16

A(n) ____ is an unauthorized breach of the boundaries of another's land.

Accepted Answer

A)  trespass 
B)  environmental breach 
C)  public nuisance 
D)  private nuisance 
E)  attack 
A)  trespass 
B)  environmental breach 
C)  public nuisance 
D)  private nuisance 
E)  attack

Question 17

To help further the goal of water pollution reduction, states must do what regarding point source pollution:

Accepted Answer

A)  permit treated water to be used as drinking water to be "commercially" pure 
B)  reduce it by 60 percent by 2008 
C)  keep water designated as recreational water quite pure 
D)  do nothing, the federal government controls all facets water pollution control 
E)  none of the other choices 
A)  permit treated water to be used as drinking water to be "commercially" pure 
B)  reduce it by 60 percent by 2008 
C)  keep water designated as recreational water quite pure 
D)  do nothing, the federal government controls all facets water pollution control 
E)  none of the other choices

Question 18

The National Ambient Air Quality Standards have been developed for every air pollutant emitted by industry that contributes to air pollution and that may endanger public health and welfare.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The public welfare effects of a pollutant's NAAQS include which of the following:

Accepted Answer

A)  impact on plants 
B)  impact on animals 
C)  impact on soil 
D)  impact on constructed surfaces 
E)  all of the other specific choices are correct 
A)  impact on plants 
B)  impact on animals 
C)  impact on soil 
D)  impact on constructed surfaces 
E)  all of the other specific choices are correct

Question 20

How toxic substances are handled once they are in the market, or when they are being disposed of, is the concern of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act 
B)  National Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act 
C)  Federal Commercial Toxic Substances Act 
D)  Resource Conservation and Recovery Act 
E)  Toxic Substances Control Act 
A)  Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act 
B)  National Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act 
C)  Federal Commercial Toxic Substances Act 
D)  Resource Conservation and Recovery Act 
E)  Toxic Substances Control Act

Exam 21: Environmental Law

The National Ambient Air Quality Standards:

The Clean Air Act, which establishes federal authority to control air pollution, was passed in:

The public welfare effects of a pollutant's NAAQS do NOT include which of the following:

The most important law that addresses protection for all wildlife and plants is:

Pollution from human waste (sewage) must be treated by best available technology.

Federal authority to control air pollution was established by the:

Vehicles are generally recognized as a major source of ozone pollution.

An environmental group wants to sue Toxics, Inc. for violating the Clean Water Act. To pursue its desired legal action the group must:

Which of the following is NOT an effect of the depletion of the ozone layer:

To establish a private nuisance, plaintiff must show the pollution is a reasonable interference with the use and enjoyment of the plaintiff's property.

Under the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines, companies that report violations of the law by other firms in their industry will receive bounty payments.

Which of the following is one of the Clean Water Act's five main elements:

Nonattainment areas under the Clean Air Act:

In Massachusetts v. EPA, where Massachusetts and other states sued to force regulation of greenhouse gases from vehicles, the Supreme Court held that:

A(n) ____ is an unauthorized breach of the boundaries of another's land.

To help further the goal of water pollution reduction, states must do what regarding point source pollution:

The National Ambient Air Quality Standards have been developed for every air pollutant emitted by industry that contributes to air pollution and that may endanger public health and welfare.

The public welfare effects of a pollutant's NAAQS include which of the following:

How toxic substances are handled once they are in the market, or when they are being disposed of, is the concern of the:

Todays Business Environment: Law and Ethics

The Court Systems

Trials and Resolving Disputes

The Constitution: Focus on Application to Business

Criminal Law and Business

Elements of Torts

Business Torts and Product Liability

Real and Personal Property

Intellectual Property

Contracts

Domestic and International Sales

Business Organizations

Negotiable Instruments, Credit, and Bankruptcy

Agency and the Employment Relationship

Employment and Labor Regulations

Employment Discrimination

The Regulatory Process

Securities Regulation

Consumer Protection

Antitrust Law

The International Legal Environment of Business

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