Exam 21: Environmental Law

Under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System, ____ have primary responsibility for enforcing the permit system.

Hazardous wastes are stored until disposal or treatment at:

The practice of buying or restoring other wetlands in exchange for the right to fill some wetlands is known as:

Point sources of water pollution include industrial pipes, ditches, and agricultural and urban runoff.

The allowable slight increase in pollution from new construction in a prevention of significant deterioration is called the:

The first major federal laws to protect the environment were passed in the 1950s.

In Boomer v. Atlantic Cement, where a cement plant polluted nearby homes, the court's decision contrasted with the decision in Whalen v. Union Bag & Paper Co., where a paper mill polluted a farmer's creek so he sued to stop the pollution because:

Fact Pattern 18-1 Jean LeFleur, owner of Happy Feet, a company that makes environmentally-sensitive foot wear, decided to move operations from Los Angeles to Bozeman, Montana. LeFleur wanted to be in an area noted for environmental quality. He built a new plant that produced oil-based sludge from its production process. The sludge could have been treated at the plant. But LeFleur decided that treatment was too costly, so the company dumped sludge into the Gallatin River, which runs through Happy Feet property. Other sludge was buried in drums in a field at night. -Refer to Fact Pattern 18-1. Happy Feet is in violation of the Clean Water Act because it failed to get a permit to discharge sludge into the Gallatin. Happy Feet must have such a permit because:

Biotechnology is:

The law of negligence can be used to protect the environment.

Which of the following statutes concern the consequences of groundwater pollution from agricultural fertilizers and sprays:

New plants that discharge pollutants into the waters of the U.S. are subject to:

A polluter who discharges chemical wastes on the ground may be held liable for damage only if negligence can be established.

Hazardous wastes are placed into water or land at:

Under the Clean Water Act:

SARA, a 1986 amendment to the Superfund Act, imposes a tax on chemicals and petroleum to support Superfund site cleanups.

Among the common law doctrines available, private citizens bringing actions against polluting businesses relied most heavily on the law of nuisance.

Hazardous wastes undergo changes in their physical, chemical, or biological nature to make them less hazardous at:

The Clean Water Act ordered the EPA to require all industrial polluters to reduce effluent emissions by 90 percent over a ten year period.

Wastes defined as hazardous under RCRA may only be disposed or stored at sites whose owners or operators have obtained a permit from the EPA.