Question 1

In Babbitt v. Sweet Home, involving logging of areas where the spotted owl nested, the Supreme Court held that the Endangered Species Act:

Accepted Answer

A)  only applies to the killing or injuries of endangered species 
B)  only applied to the killing, injuring, or removing of endangered species 
C)  requires cost-benefit calculation when restrictions on economic activity are proposed to save a specie 
D)  gave authority to regulate endangered species to the EPA, not the Department of Interior 
E)  none of the other choices 
A)  only applies to the killing or injuries of endangered species 
B)  only applied to the killing, injuring, or removing of endangered species 
C)  requires cost-benefit calculation when restrictions on economic activity are proposed to save a specie 
D)  gave authority to regulate endangered species to the EPA, not the Department of Interior 
E)  none of the other choices

Question 2

The National Ambient Air Quality Standards focus on nine major outdoor pollutants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Water polluters, such as factories, must have pollution permits and file discharge monitoring report that are open for public inspection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Old abandoned industrial sites that take up space in urban areas are often called brownfields and present a real problem to urban development.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

FIFRA requires registration of pesticides and similar products with the Department of Agriculture.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

In Whalen v. Union Bag & Paper Co., where a paper mill polluted a farmer's creek so he sued to stop the pollution, the appeals court noted that:

Accepted Answer

A)  if courts refused to grant injunctions when the damage to the plaintiff is slight compared with the defendant's expense of abating the condition, it would favor the poor litigant over rich defendants 
B)  if courts refused to grant injunctions when the damage to the plaintiff is slight compared with the defendant's expense of abating the condition, it would deprive the poor litigant of his little property by giving it to those already rich 
C)  if courts refused to grant injunctions when the damage to the plaintiff is slight compared with the defendant's expense of abating the condition, it would increase pollution 
D)  if courts refused to grant injunctions when the damage to the plaintiff is slight compared with the defendant's expense of abating the condition, there would be no more pollution suits 
E)  if courts refused to grant injunctions when the damage to the plaintiff is slight compared with the defendant's expense of abating the condition, it would unfairly favor low income plaintiffs 
A)  if courts refused to grant injunctions when the damage to the plaintiff is slight compared with the defendant's expense of abating the condition, it would favor the poor litigant over rich defendants 
B)  if courts refused to grant injunctions when the damage to the plaintiff is slight compared with the defendant's expense of abating the condition, it would deprive the poor litigant of his little property by giving it to those already rich 
C)  if courts refused to grant injunctions when the damage to the plaintiff is slight compared with the defendant's expense of abating the condition, it would increase pollution 
D)  if courts refused to grant injunctions when the damage to the plaintiff is slight compared with the defendant's expense of abating the condition, there would be no more pollution suits 
E)  if courts refused to grant injunctions when the damage to the plaintiff is slight compared with the defendant's expense of abating the condition, it would unfairly favor low income plaintiffs

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT an effect of the depletion of the ozone layer:

Accepted Answer

A)  increase in skin cancer 
B)  more eye cataracts 
C)  injury to the immune system 
D)  global warming 
E)  none of the other specific choices are effects 
A)  increase in skin cancer 
B)  more eye cataracts 
C)  injury to the immune system 
D)  global warming 
E)  none of the other specific choices are effects

Question 8

Under the 1990 Clean Air Act:

Accepted Answer

A)  Congress provided for the control of pollution originating in the foreign countries 
B)  Congress provided for an import duty on those goods produced at foreign plants that do not use pollution controls 
C)  provide an exemption to coal-fired power plants from sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emission reductions 
D)  the EPA is to focus on limiting pollutants from vehicles 
E)  none of the other choices 
A)  Congress provided for the control of pollution originating in the foreign countries 
B)  Congress provided for an import duty on those goods produced at foreign plants that do not use pollution controls 
C)  provide an exemption to coal-fired power plants from sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emission reductions 
D)  the EPA is to focus on limiting pollutants from vehicles 
E)  none of the other choices

Question 9

The Clean Air Act establishes standards for the construction of new industrial plants depending on the local air quality.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Since the passage of the Clean Water Act in 1972 the focus of federal law has been on:

Accepted Answer

A)  particulate pollution 
B)  point source pollution 
C)  nontoxic pollution 
D)  pollution from coal plants 
E)  there has been no focus of federal law since 1972 
A)  particulate pollution 
B)  point source pollution 
C)  nontoxic pollution 
D)  pollution from coal plants 
E)  there has been no focus of federal law since 1972

Question 11

How toxic substances are handled once they are in the market, or when they are being disposed of, is the concern of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act 
B)  National Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act 
C)  Federal Commercial Toxic Substances Act 
D)  Toxic Substances Control Act 
E)  none of the other choices are correct 
A)  Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act 
B)  National Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act 
C)  Federal Commercial Toxic Substances Act 
D)  Toxic Substances Control Act 
E)  none of the other choices are correct

Question 12

In Boomer v. Atlantic Cement, where a cement plant polluted nearby homes, the court held that:

Accepted Answer

A)  defendant should be enjoined from creating a nuisance which disturbed the plaintiffs 
B)  defendant's economic interests were inferior to the plaintiff's, so the pollution must stop 
C)  the value of the cement plant was lower than that of the surrounding neighborhood, so the plant should change its operations 
D)  plaintiffs could receive monetary damages, but the plant could not be enjoined from operating because defendant would suffer a larger loss than the plaintiffs 
E)  plaintiffs held riparian rights that were superior to those of the defendant 
A)  defendant should be enjoined from creating a nuisance which disturbed the plaintiffs 
B)  defendant's economic interests were inferior to the plaintiff's, so the pollution must stop 
C)  the value of the cement plant was lower than that of the surrounding neighborhood, so the plant should change its operations 
D)  plaintiffs could receive monetary damages, but the plant could not be enjoined from operating because defendant would suffer a larger loss than the plaintiffs 
E)  plaintiffs held riparian rights that were superior to those of the defendant

Question 13

Decker v. Northwest Environmental Defense Center, where an environmental group sued the EPA and other parties because logging companies were not required to have pollution discharge permits for rain runoff on logging roads. The appeals court held that the rain runoff was associated with industrial activity, so discharge permits were required. The Supreme Court held that discharge permits were always required for road-based pollution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The 1990 Clean Air Act required the EPA to develop regulatory standards for about 191 toxic air pollutants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

In a pollution case, a ____ generally involves a polluter who is injuring one person or a small group of people.

Accepted Answer

A)  conversion 
B)  private environmental trespass 
C)  trespass 
D)  negligence 
E)  none of the other choices are correct 
A)  conversion 
B)  private environmental trespass 
C)  trespass 
D)  negligence 
E)  none of the other choices are correct

Question 16

The maximum allowable increase of air pollution:

Accepted Answer

A)  determines the specific limits on economic growth in nonattainment areas 
B)  in a Prevention of Significant Deterioration Area is the slight increase in pollution that will be allowed from a new plant 
C)  is determined by the EPA on a case-by-case basis to the extent of pollution offsets needed for new construction 
D)  determines the extent to which the bubble concept can be applied in meeting the Clean Air Act requirements 
E)  was eliminated from the Clean Air Act requirements 
A)  determines the specific limits on economic growth in nonattainment areas 
B)  in a Prevention of Significant Deterioration Area is the slight increase in pollution that will be allowed from a new plant 
C)  is determined by the EPA on a case-by-case basis to the extent of pollution offsets needed for new construction 
D)  determines the extent to which the bubble concept can be applied in meeting the Clean Air Act requirements 
E)  was eliminated from the Clean Air Act requirements

Question 17

The primary factors for a pollutant's NAAQS are the public health effects. The secondary factors are:

Accepted Answer

A)  its considerations of public welfare effects 
B)  its consideration of aesthetic effects 
C)  its consideration of economic effects 
D)  its consideration of annoying effects 
E)  none of the other choices are correct 
A)  its considerations of public welfare effects 
B)  its consideration of aesthetic effects 
C)  its consideration of economic effects 
D)  its consideration of annoying effects 
E)  none of the other choices are correct

Question 18

The Clean Air Act established specific procedures for:

Accepted Answer

A)  the construction of new automobile engines 
B)  the use of energy sources by utility companies 
C)  the construction of new industrial plants 
D)  monitoring emissions from federal government operations 
E)  filing public nuisance actions against large polluters 
A)  the construction of new automobile engines 
B)  the use of energy sources by utility companies 
C)  the construction of new industrial plants 
D)  monitoring emissions from federal government operations 
E)  filing public nuisance actions against large polluters

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT an environmental issue that must be dealt with at the international scale:

Accepted Answer

A)  the ozone layer 
B)  the marine environment 
C)  too much ozone in the air we breathe 
D)  global climate change 
E)  none of the other specific choices are correct 
A)  the ozone layer 
B)  the marine environment 
C)  too much ozone in the air we breathe 
D)  global climate change 
E)  none of the other specific choices are correct

Question 20

Which of the following pollutants have NOT decreased dramatically since the Clean Air Act was passed:

Accepted Answer

A)  lead 
B)  particulates 
C)  carbon monoxide 
D)  all of the other specific choices have decreased 
E)  none of the other specific choices have decreased 
A)  lead 
B)  particulates 
C)  carbon monoxide 
D)  all of the other specific choices have decreased 
E)  none of the other specific choices have decreased

Exam 21: Environmental Law

In Babbitt v. Sweet Home, involving logging of areas where the spotted owl nested, the Supreme Court held that the Endangered Species Act:

The National Ambient Air Quality Standards focus on nine major outdoor pollutants.

Water polluters, such as factories, must have pollution permits and file discharge monitoring report that are open for public inspection.

Old abandoned industrial sites that take up space in urban areas are often called brownfields and present a real problem to urban development.

FIFRA requires registration of pesticides and similar products with the Department of Agriculture.

In Whalen v. Union Bag & Paper Co., where a paper mill polluted a farmer's creek so he sued to stop the pollution, the appeals court noted that:

Which of the following is NOT an effect of the depletion of the ozone layer:

Under the 1990 Clean Air Act:

The Clean Air Act establishes standards for the construction of new industrial plants depending on the local air quality.

Since the passage of the Clean Water Act in 1972 the focus of federal law has been on:

How toxic substances are handled once they are in the market, or when they are being disposed of, is the concern of the:

In Boomer v. Atlantic Cement, where a cement plant polluted nearby homes, the court held that:

The 1990 Clean Air Act required the EPA to develop regulatory standards for about 191 toxic air pollutants.

In a pollution case, a ____ generally involves a polluter who is injuring one person or a small group of people.

The maximum allowable increase of air pollution:

The primary factors for a pollutant's NAAQS are the public health effects. The secondary factors are:

The Clean Air Act established specific procedures for:

Which of the following is NOT an environmental issue that must be dealt with at the international scale:

Which of the following pollutants have NOT decreased dramatically since the Clean Air Act was passed:

Todays Business Environment: Law and Ethics

The Court Systems

Trials and Resolving Disputes

The Constitution: Focus on Application to Business

Criminal Law and Business

Elements of Torts

Business Torts and Product Liability

Real and Personal Property

Intellectual Property

Contracts

Domestic and International Sales

Business Organizations

Negotiable Instruments, Credit, and Bankruptcy

Agency and the Employment Relationship

Employment and Labor Regulations

Employment Discrimination

The Regulatory Process

Securities Regulation

Consumer Protection

Antitrust Law

The International Legal Environment of Business

Filters