Question 1

Digital activism is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the gap between those fully able to participate in the digital age and those without access to electricity, the Internet, and mobile phones. 
B)  social struggles for worker rights and democracy that are aided by social media, mobile phones, and electronic communication. 
C)  those born after the 1980s; this generation has spent their lives using devices like smartphones and laptops. 
D)  the era defined by the proliferation of high-speed communication technologies, social networking, and personal computing. 
E)  the generation that uses technology, but in a process more akin to learning a new culture or language. 
A)  the gap between those fully able to participate in the digital age and those without access to electricity, the Internet, and mobile phones. 
B)  social struggles for worker rights and democracy that are aided by social media, mobile phones, and electronic communication. 
C)  those born after the 1980s; this generation has spent their lives using devices like smartphones and laptops. 
D)  the era defined by the proliferation of high-speed communication technologies, social networking, and personal computing. 
E)  the generation that uses technology, but in a process more akin to learning a new culture or language.

Question 2

Sociolinguistics is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)  a nonstandard variation of a language that is particular to a specific region. 
B)  the study of the development of language over time, including its changes and variations. 
C)  alternating back and forth between more than one linguistic variant depending on the context. 
D)  the idea that variation in languages appears gradually over distance between places. 
E)  the study of the intersection between language and systems of power such as race, class, and age. 
A)  a nonstandard variation of a language that is particular to a specific region. 
B)  the study of the development of language over time, including its changes and variations. 
C)  alternating back and forth between more than one linguistic variant depending on the context. 
D)  the idea that variation in languages appears gradually over distance between places. 
E)  the study of the intersection between language and systems of power such as race, class, and age.

Question 3

According to your textbook, a particular language variation is associated with wealth, success, education, and power. These language variations with elevated status are known as prestige languages. Using the concepts of cultural capital and prestige language, discuss two examples of how nonstandard variations of languages can be linked to particular positions with a culture. How are linguistic standards established or reinforced? Explain why it has been said that a dialect is a language without a navy or an army.

Accepted Answer

Students should explain the concept of a

Question 4

Linguistic anthropologists have discovered that the languages spoken in Europe such as Latin, English, German, and Greek are derived from an earlier language they call:

Accepted Answer

A)  Proto-Indo-European. 
B)  Pre-Modern European. 
C)  Pan Archaic European. 
D)  Proto-Germanic. 
E)  Proto-Latin. 
A)  Proto-Indo-European. 
B)  Pre-Modern European. 
C)  Pan Archaic European. 
D)  Proto-Germanic. 
E)  Proto-Latin.

Question 5

In Keith Basso's research with the Western Apache of Arizona, places in the landscape were:

Accepted Answer

A)  organized into digital archives. 
B)  connected to local stories and cultural values. 
C)  embedded into texts that had been carefully translated into English. 
D)  difficult to find given the desert terrain. 
E)  separate from the local folklore. 
A)  organized into digital archives. 
B)  connected to local stories and cultural values. 
C)  embedded into texts that had been carefully translated into English. 
D)  difficult to find given the desert terrain. 
E)  separate from the local folklore.

Question 6

Digital natives are:

Accepted Answer

A)  the gap between those fully able to participate in the digital age and those without access to electricity, the Internet, and mobile phones. 
B)  social struggles for worker rights and democracy that are aided by social media, mobile phones, and electronic communication. 
C)  born after the 1980s; this generation has spent their lives using devices like smartphones and laptops. 
D)  the era defined by the proliferation of high-speed communication technologies, social networking, and personal computing. 
E)  the generation that uses technology, but in a process more akin to learning a new culture or language. 
A)  the gap between those fully able to participate in the digital age and those without access to electricity, the Internet, and mobile phones. 
B)  social struggles for worker rights and democracy that are aided by social media, mobile phones, and electronic communication. 
C)  born after the 1980s; this generation has spent their lives using devices like smartphones and laptops. 
D)  the era defined by the proliferation of high-speed communication technologies, social networking, and personal computing. 
E)  the generation that uses technology, but in a process more akin to learning a new culture or language.

Question 7

Based on what linguistic anthropologist David Harrison found in Asia, which of the following statements best describes how language shapes the idea of time in Tuva?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tuvans are digital natives. 
B)  Words for time were not part of the focal vocabulary in Tuva. 
C)  Words for time and space are no longer known among people in Tuva. 
D)  While the future is seen as behind them, the past is seen as in front. 
E)  Like Americans, Tuvans see the future as in front of them and the past behind. 
A)  Tuvans are digital natives. 
B)  Words for time were not part of the focal vocabulary in Tuva. 
C)  Words for time and space are no longer known among people in Tuva. 
D)  While the future is seen as behind them, the past is seen as in front. 
E)  Like Americans, Tuvans see the future as in front of them and the past behind.

Question 8

A nonstandard variation of a language is referred to as a:

Accepted Answer

A)  prestige language. 
B)  type of displacement. 
C)  speech community. 
D)  morpheme. 
E)  dialect. 
A)  prestige language. 
B)  type of displacement. 
C)  speech community. 
D)  morpheme. 
E)  dialect.

Question 9

Some linguistic anthropologists find the work of the Summer Institute of Linguistics controversial because:

Accepted Answer

A)  they only work in Africa. 
B)  their Christian perspective may ignore some aspects of local culture, such as song and art. 
C)  they are using information technology. 
D)  they promote the use of prestige language. 
E)  they refuse to publish which languages they are trying to preserve. 
A)  they only work in Africa. 
B)  their Christian perspective may ignore some aspects of local culture, such as song and art. 
C)  they are using information technology. 
D)  they promote the use of prestige language. 
E)  they refuse to publish which languages they are trying to preserve.

Question 10

Linguistic anthropologists have shown that languages are disappearing at an unprecedented rate. Many argue that efforts should be made to preserve these endangered languages by documenting their lexicon and grammar. Why are anthropologists interested in preserving languages? Do you agree with these efforts? Why or why not? Which types of knowledge are embedded in language that might make them worthwhile to preserve? What are some of the techniques or strategies that have been used to either preserve or revitalize less-prominent languages? Discuss two examples where anthropologists have been involved in preserving endangered languages, and reflect on how information technology may be used in language revitalization.

Accepted Answer

Students should make a clear argument th

Question 11

Code switching is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)  a nonstandard variation of a language that is particular to a specific region. 
B)  the study of the development of language over time, including its changes and variations. 
C)  alternating back and forth between more than one linguistic variant depending on the context. 
D)  the idea that variation in languages appears gradually over distance between places. 
E)  the study of the intersection between language and systems of power such as race, class, and age. 
A)  a nonstandard variation of a language that is particular to a specific region. 
B)  the study of the development of language over time, including its changes and variations. 
C)  alternating back and forth between more than one linguistic variant depending on the context. 
D)  the idea that variation in languages appears gradually over distance between places. 
E)  the study of the intersection between language and systems of power such as race, class, and age.

Question 12

When individuals speak in a manner that does not conform to what is known as "Standard English," according to the author, they are:

Accepted Answer

A)  speaking a dialect of English that is linguistically flawed. 
B)  usually seen as speaking a prestige language. 
C)  unaffected by their nonstandard speech. 
D)  often considered to be uneducated or low class. 
E)  thought to be creative and poetic. 
A)  speaking a dialect of English that is linguistically flawed. 
B)  usually seen as speaking a prestige language. 
C)  unaffected by their nonstandard speech. 
D)  often considered to be uneducated or low class. 
E)  thought to be creative and poetic.

Question 13

Worldwide, the most spoken language is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Hindi. 
B)  Chinese. 
C)  Spanish. 
D)  English. 
E)  Arabic. 
A)  Hindi. 
B)  Chinese. 
C)  Spanish. 
D)  English. 
E)  Arabic.

Question 14

What was the emphasis of William Labov's study of the pronunciation of the letter "r" in New York City? How did the pronunciation vary over time and in different parts of the city? How did Labov's research relate to the idea of how different ways of speaking can be associated with prestige?

Accepted Answer

Students should clearly explain why Labo

Question 15

Which of the following statements is correct about the worldwide language diversity?

Accepted Answer

A)  The 3,500 least widely used languages are spoken by one-third of the world's population. 
B)  English is spoken by nearly 90 percent of the world's population. 
C)  Ten of the most prominent languages are spoken by half of the world's population. 
D)  Colonialism spread languages like Hindi, Korean, and Urdu across the globe. 
E)  Global media like radio and television are diminishing the influence of prominent European languages. 
A)  The 3,500 least widely used languages are spoken by one-third of the world's population. 
B)  English is spoken by nearly 90 percent of the world's population. 
C)  Ten of the most prominent languages are spoken by half of the world's population. 
D)  Colonialism spread languages like Hindi, Korean, and Urdu across the globe. 
E)  Global media like radio and television are diminishing the influence of prominent European languages.

Question 16

The digital divide is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the gap between those fully able to participate in the digital age and those without access to electricity, the Internet, and mobile phones. 
B)  social struggles for worker rights and democracy that are aided by social media, mobile phones, and electronic communication. 
C)  those born after the 1980s; this generation has spent their lives using devices like smartphones and laptops. 
D)  the era defined by the proliferation of high-speed communication technologies, social networking, and personal computing. 
E)  the generation that uses technology, but in a process more akin to learning a new culture or language. 
A)  the gap between those fully able to participate in the digital age and those without access to electricity, the Internet, and mobile phones. 
B)  social struggles for worker rights and democracy that are aided by social media, mobile phones, and electronic communication. 
C)  those born after the 1980s; this generation has spent their lives using devices like smartphones and laptops. 
D)  the era defined by the proliferation of high-speed communication technologies, social networking, and personal computing. 
E)  the generation that uses technology, but in a process more akin to learning a new culture or language.

Question 17

What types of evidence have anthropologists drawn on to approximate when humans first began to use language? Using examples, analyze how genetic and archaeological information have been used to determine when the human capacity for speech evolved. How did language enhance the ability of humans to survive and adapt to inhospitable environments?

Accepted Answer

Students may discuss the cognitive and a

Question 18

Deborah Tannen's research into the ways that boys and girls speak demonstrates that:

Accepted Answer

A)  they essentially grow up in different linguistic worlds. 
B)  differences are primarily based on biology, not processes of socialization. 
C)  they have nearly identical communication strategies. 
D)  while boys hang out in small groups, girls tend to interact in larger groups. 
E)  the best way to understand gender and language is through the "dominance" model. 
A)  they essentially grow up in different linguistic worlds. 
B)  differences are primarily based on biology, not processes of socialization. 
C)  they have nearly identical communication strategies. 
D)  while boys hang out in small groups, girls tend to interact in larger groups. 
E)  the best way to understand gender and language is through the "dominance" model.

Question 19

According to the textbook, human languages are:

Accepted Answer

A)  not in danger of extinction. 
B)  being lost at a rate of three per day. 
C)  being created at a rate faster than they are being lost. 
D)  being lost at a rate of one every ten days. 
E)  are only being lost outside of the United States. 
A)  not in danger of extinction. 
B)  being lost at a rate of three per day. 
C)  being created at a rate faster than they are being lost. 
D)  being lost at a rate of one every ten days. 
E)  are only being lost outside of the United States.

Question 20

Consider the following passage where David Harrison discusses the power of metaphor among people who speak the Tuvan language: "If you are hopelessly in love with someone in Tuvan, you say 'My liver aches.' Because to them, the liver is the seat of emotion. Now we know that's not true of course. The brain is the seat of emotion, but that doesn't stop us from using the heart [as] the seat of emotion in American culture." If Harrison's research has to do with how language shapes how people view their reality, explain how his findings relate to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. Offer examples of how the way people think may or may not be affected by their native language.

Accepted Answer

Students should discuss how the Sapir-Wh

Digital activism is:

Sociolinguistics is defined as:

Linguistic anthropologists have discovered that the languages spoken in Europe such as Latin, English, German, and Greek are derived from an earlier language they call:

In Keith Basso's research with the Western Apache of Arizona, places in the landscape were:

Digital natives are:

Based on what linguistic anthropologist David Harrison found in Asia, which of the following statements best describes how language shapes the idea of time in Tuva?

A nonstandard variation of a language is referred to as a:

Some linguistic anthropologists find the work of the Summer Institute of Linguistics controversial because:

Code switching is defined as:

When individuals speak in a manner that does not conform to what is known as "Standard English," according to the author, they are:

Worldwide, the most spoken language is:

What was the emphasis of William Labov's study of the pronunciation of the letter "r" in New York City? How did the pronunciation vary over time and in different parts of the city? How did Labov's research relate to the idea of how different ways of speaking can be associated with prestige?

Which of the following statements is correct about the worldwide language diversity?

The digital divide is:

Deborah Tannen's research into the ways that boys and girls speak demonstrates that:

According to the textbook, human languages are:

Anthropology in a Global Age

Culture

Fieldwork and Ethnography

Human Origins

Race and Racism

Ethnicity and Nationalism

Gender

Sexuality

Kinship, Family, and Marriage

Class and Inequality

The Global Economy

Migration

Politics and Power

Religion

Health and Illness

Art and Media

Filters

Exam 4: Language

Digital activism is:

Sociolinguistics is defined as:

Linguistic anthropologists have discovered that the languages spoken in Europe such as Latin, English, German, and Greek are derived from an earlier language they call:

In Keith Basso's research with the Western Apache of Arizona, places in the landscape were:

Digital natives are:

Based on what linguistic anthropologist David Harrison found in Asia, which of the following statements best describes how language shapes the idea of time in Tuva?

A nonstandard variation of a language is referred to as a:

Some linguistic anthropologists find the work of the Summer Institute of Linguistics controversial because:

Code switching is defined as:

When individuals speak in a manner that does not conform to what is known as "Standard English," according to the author, they are:

Worldwide, the most spoken language is:

What was the emphasis of William Labov's study of the pronunciation of the letter "r" in New York City? How did the pronunciation vary over time and in different parts of the city? How did Labov's research relate to the idea of how different ways of speaking can be associated with prestige?

Which of the following statements is correct about the worldwide language diversity?

The digital divide is:

Deborah Tannen's research into the ways that boys and girls speak demonstrates that:

According to the textbook, human languages are:

Anthropology in a Global Age

Culture

Fieldwork and Ethnography

Human Origins

Race and Racism

Ethnicity and Nationalism

Gender

Sexuality

Kinship, Family, and Marriage

Class and Inequality

The Global Economy

Migration

Politics and Power

Religion

Health and Illness

Art and Media

Filters