Question 1

Which of the following newborns is the most likely to feel pain especially intensely?

Accepted Answer

A)  Miranda, who was born eight days after her due date 
B)  Helen, who was born two days after her due date 
C)  Miguel, who was born three weeks before his due date 
D)  Demitria, who was born on her due date 
A)  Miranda, who was born eight days after her due date 
B)  Helen, who was born two days after her due date 
C)  Miguel, who was born three weeks before his due date 
D)  Demitria, who was born on her due date

Question 2

Unlike adults, 6-month-olds

Accepted Answer

A)  are unaware of deviations in foreign musical rhythms. 
B)  can detect rhythmic-pattern deviations in Western but not in non-Western melodies. 
C)  can detect rhythmic-pattern deviations in non-Western but not in Western melodies. 
D)  can detect rhythmic-pattern deviations in both Western and non-Western melodies. 
A)  are unaware of deviations in foreign musical rhythms. 
B)  can detect rhythmic-pattern deviations in Western but not in non-Western melodies. 
C)  can detect rhythmic-pattern deviations in non-Western but not in Western melodies. 
D)  can detect rhythmic-pattern deviations in both Western and non-Western melodies.

Question 3

When baby Raj's mom first started carrying an on-call beeper, Raj was easily awakened by the sound of it going off. After several nights, Raj's sleep was not disturbed by the beeping. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  recovery. 
B)  operant conditioning. 
C)  habituation. 
D)  classical conditioning. 
A)  recovery. 
B)  operant conditioning. 
C)  habituation. 
D)  classical conditioning.

Question 4

Kipsigis and Jamaican infants walk considerably earlier than North American infants because

Accepted Answer

A)  they are physically smaller at birth, requiring less leg-muscle strength for standing. 
B)  they must help their parents work in the fields at an extremely young age. 
C)  they are genetically "hardwired" to do so. 
D)  their parents promote early walking instruction, practicing formal exercises to stimulate skills. 
A)  they are physically smaller at birth, requiring less leg-muscle strength for standing. 
B)  they must help their parents work in the fields at an extremely young age. 
C)  they are genetically "hardwired" to do so. 
D)  their parents promote early walking instruction, practicing formal exercises to stimulate skills.

Question 5

Describe operant conditioning, reinforcers, and punishment.

Accepted Answer

In operant conditioning, infants act, or

Question 6

At first, infants' memory for operant responses is

Accepted Answer

A)  nonexistent. 
B)  highly context dependent. 
C)  context-free. 
D)  inconsistent. 
A)  nonexistent. 
B)  highly context dependent. 
C)  context-free. 
D)  inconsistent.

Question 7

Reaching is largely controlled by

Accepted Answer

A)  vision. 
B)  proprioception. 
C)  gross-motor development. 
D)  depth perception. 
A)  vision. 
B)  proprioception. 
C)  gross-motor development. 
D)  depth perception.

Question 8

Psychologist William James viewed the world of a neonate as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  blooming, buzzing confusion. 
B)  blank slate. 
C)  ordered, predictable environment. 
D)  refined, complex place. 
A)  blooming, buzzing confusion. 
B)  blank slate. 
C)  ordered, predictable environment. 
D)  refined, complex place.

Question 9

Baby Callum is displaying an inborn, automatic response to a particular form of stimulation. Callum is displaying a

Accepted Answer

A)  basic emotion. 
B)  reflex. 
C)  self-conscious emotion. 
D)  state of arousal. 
A)  basic emotion. 
B)  reflex. 
C)  self-conscious emotion. 
D)  state of arousal.

Question 10

Early __________ behaviors suggest that infants are biologically prepared to coordinate hand with eye in the act of exploring.

Accepted Answer

A)  ulnar grasping 
B)  prereaching 
C)  visual acuity 
D)  pincer grasping 
A)  ulnar grasping 
B)  prereaching 
C)  visual acuity 
D)  pincer grasping

Question 11

Baby Samantha adjusts her arm and hand movements to match the distance of objects from her eyes. Samantha is demonstrating

Accepted Answer

A)  shape sensitivity. 
B)  contrast sensitivity. 
C)  pictorial depth perception. 
D)  binocular depth perception. 
A)  shape sensitivity. 
B)  contrast sensitivity. 
C)  pictorial depth perception. 
D)  binocular depth perception.

Question 12

To find out how infants acquire motor capacities, researchers conduct

Accepted Answer

A)  field experiments. 
B)  ethnographic studies. 
C)  microgenetic studies. 
D)  natural experiments. 
A)  field experiments. 
B)  ethnographic studies. 
C)  microgenetic studies. 
D)  natural experiments.

Question 13

Of all motor skills, __________ may play the greatest role in infant cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

A)  rolling over 
B)  reaching 
C)  crawling 
D)  walking 
A)  rolling over 
B)  reaching 
C)  crawling 
D)  walking

Question 14

Dmitri was adopted from a severely deprived orphanage. He has strabismus because of muscle weakness. If left untreated and the strabismus persists longer than a few months, Dmitri will probably

Accepted Answer

A)  have long-term hearing difficulties. 
B)  be overwhelmed by stimulation, reacting to it with disorganized behavior or withdrawal. 
C)  show permanent deficits in visual acuity and depth perception. 
D)  experience short-term, mild cognitive delays. 
A)  have long-term hearing difficulties. 
B)  be overwhelmed by stimulation, reacting to it with disorganized behavior or withdrawal. 
C)  show permanent deficits in visual acuity and depth perception. 
D)  experience short-term, mild cognitive delays.

Question 15

Which of the following reflexes may form the basis for complex motor skills that will develop later?

Accepted Answer

A)  the Babinski reflex 
B)  the tonic neck reflex 
C)  the eye blink 
D)  the sucking reflex 
A)  the Babinski reflex 
B)  the tonic neck reflex 
C)  the eye blink 
D)  the sucking reflex

Question 16

Baby Nathalie is trying a new food. Her facial expression shows a distinct, archlike mouth opening. Based on her reaction, Nathalie probably finds that the food tastes

Accepted Answer

A)  sweet. 
B)  salty. 
C)  sour. 
D)  bitter. 
A)  sweet. 
B)  salty. 
C)  sour. 
D)  bitter.

Question 17

Research using the technique of attaching a baby's foot to a mobile with a long cord revealed that __________ babies remember how to activate the mobile for two weeks after training.

Accepted Answer

A)  newborn 
B)  2-month-old 
C)  3-month-old 
D)  6-month-old 
A)  newborn 
B)  2-month-old 
C)  3-month-old 
D)  6-month-old

Question 18

Newborn Amelia is presented with the odor of chocolate. Which of the following facial expressions do you expect to see?

Accepted Answer

A)  pursed lips 
B)  a frown 
C)  a relaxed, pleasant face 
D)  a distinct, archlike mouth opening 
A)  pursed lips 
B)  a frown 
C)  a relaxed, pleasant face 
D)  a distinct, archlike mouth opening

Question 19

Infant reactions to __________ include an increase in heart rate, blood pressure, palm sweating, and pupil dilation.

Accepted Answer

A)  pain 
B)  hunger 
C)  cold 
D)  anxiety 
A)  pain 
B)  hunger 
C)  cold 
D)  anxiety

Question 20

Baby Naomi is presented with photos of faces. She is most likely to look the longest at a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  female face than a male face. 
B)  older man's face than a younger man's face. 
C)  face judged by adults as attractive. 
D)  older woman's face than a younger woman's face. 
A)  female face than a male face. 
B)  older man's face than a younger man's face. 
C)  face judged by adults as attractive. 
D)  older woman's face than a younger woman's face.

Which of the following newborns is the most likely to feel pain especially intensely?

Unlike adults, 6-month-olds

When baby Raj's mom first started carrying an on-call beeper, Raj was easily awakened by the sound of it going off. After several nights, Raj's sleep was not disturbed by the beeping. This is an example of

Kipsigis and Jamaican infants walk considerably earlier than North American infants because

Describe operant conditioning, reinforcers, and punishment.

At first, infants' memory for operant responses is

Reaching is largely controlled by

Psychologist William James viewed the world of a neonate as a(n)

Baby Callum is displaying an inborn, automatic response to a particular form of stimulation. Callum is displaying a

Early __________ behaviors suggest that infants are biologically prepared to coordinate hand with eye in the act of exploring.

Baby Samantha adjusts her arm and hand movements to match the distance of objects from her eyes. Samantha is demonstrating

To find out how infants acquire motor capacities, researchers conduct

Of all motor skills, __________ may play the greatest role in infant cognitive development.

Dmitri was adopted from a severely deprived orphanage. He has strabismus because of muscle weakness. If left untreated and the strabismus persists longer than a few months, Dmitri will probably

Which of the following reflexes may form the basis for complex motor skills that will develop later?

Baby Nathalie is trying a new food. Her facial expression shows a distinct, archlike mouth opening. Based on her reaction, Nathalie probably finds that the food tastes

Research using the technique of attaching a baby's foot to a mobile with a long cord revealed that __________ babies remember how to activate the mobile for two weeks after training.

Newborn Amelia is presented with the odor of chocolate. Which of the following facial expressions do you expect to see?

Infant reactions to __________ include an increase in heart rate, blood pressure, palm sweating, and pupil dilation.

Baby Naomi is presented with photos of faces. She is most likely to look the longest at a(n)

History, Theory, and Applied Directions

Research Strategies

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Physical Growth

Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives

Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective

Intelligence

Language Development

Emotional Development

Self and Social Understanding

Moral Development

Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters

Exam 4: Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Which of the following newborns is the most likely to feel pain especially intensely?

Unlike adults, 6-month-olds

When baby Raj's mom first started carrying an on-call beeper, Raj was easily awakened by the sound of it going off. After several nights, Raj's sleep was not disturbed by the beeping. This is an example of

Kipsigis and Jamaican infants walk considerably earlier than North American infants because

Describe operant conditioning, reinforcers, and punishment.

At first, infants' memory for operant responses is

Reaching is largely controlled by

Psychologist William James viewed the world of a neonate as a(n)

Baby Callum is displaying an inborn, automatic response to a particular form of stimulation. Callum is displaying a

Early __________ behaviors suggest that infants are biologically prepared to coordinate hand with eye in the act of exploring.

Baby Samantha adjusts her arm and hand movements to match the distance of objects from her eyes. Samantha is demonstrating

To find out how infants acquire motor capacities, researchers conduct

Of all motor skills, __________ may play the greatest role in infant cognitive development.

Dmitri was adopted from a severely deprived orphanage. He has strabismus because of muscle weakness. If left untreated and the strabismus persists longer than a few months, Dmitri will probably

Which of the following reflexes may form the basis for complex motor skills that will develop later?

Baby Nathalie is trying a new food. Her facial expression shows a distinct, archlike mouth opening. Based on her reaction, Nathalie probably finds that the food tastes

Research using the technique of attaching a baby's foot to a mobile with a long cord revealed that __________ babies remember how to activate the mobile for two weeks after training.

Newborn Amelia is presented with the odor of chocolate. Which of the following facial expressions do you expect to see?

Infant reactions to __________ include an increase in heart rate, blood pressure, palm sweating, and pupil dilation.

Baby Naomi is presented with photos of faces. She is most likely to look the longest at a(n)

History, Theory, and Applied Directions

Research Strategies

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Physical Growth

Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives

Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective

Intelligence

Language Development

Emotional Development

Self and Social Understanding

Moral Development

Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters