Question 1

A sequential design

Accepted Answer

A)  does not allow inferences about individual differences. 
B)  permits researchers to find out whether cohort effects are operating. 
C)  is less efficient than a longitudinal design. 
D)  does not have any of the same limitations as a longitudinal or cross-sectional design. 
A)  does not allow inferences about individual differences. 
B)  permits researchers to find out whether cohort effects are operating. 
C)  is less efficient than a longitudinal design. 
D)  does not have any of the same limitations as a longitudinal or cross-sectional design.

Question 2

Nearly one-fourth of U.S. children

Accepted Answer

A)  were born in Latin America. 
B)  were born in Asia. 
C)  have foreign-born parents. 
D)  are illegal aliens. 
A)  were born in Latin America. 
B)  were born in Asia. 
C)  have foreign-born parents. 
D)  are illegal aliens.

Question 3

When participants in her longitudinal study on the effects of child care moved away or dropped out, Dr. Swan was probably concerned about

Accepted Answer

A)  biased sampling. 
B)  selective attrition. 
C)  practice effects. 
D)  cohort effects. 
A)  biased sampling. 
B)  selective attrition. 
C)  practice effects. 
D)  cohort effects.

Question 4

Dr. Shigoka is interested in determining which central nervous system structures contribute to personality development. Dr. Shigoka will likely use

Accepted Answer

A)  neurobiological methods. 
B)  event sampling. 
C)  the clinical, or case study, method. 
D)  ethnography. 
A)  neurobiological methods. 
B)  event sampling. 
C)  the clinical, or case study, method. 
D)  ethnography.

Question 5

A major limitation of correlational studies is that

Accepted Answer

A)  researchers cannot study how conditions of interest currently exist. 
B)  researchers cannot infer cause and effect. 
C)  there is no way to measure the strength of a positive relationship between variables. 
D)  negative relationships between variables cannot be measured. 
A)  researchers cannot study how conditions of interest currently exist. 
B)  researchers cannot infer cause and effect. 
C)  there is no way to measure the strength of a positive relationship between variables. 
D)  negative relationships between variables cannot be measured.

Question 6

A researcher would like 8-year-old Andie to participate in a study. Who should have the final word in deciding whether Andie participates?

Accepted Answer

A)  the researcher 
B)  Andie 
C)  Andie's parents 
D)  Andie's teacher 
A)  the researcher 
B)  Andie 
C)  Andie's parents 
D)  Andie's teacher

Question 7

One way to assess the validity of a new measure of second-grade children's mathematical knowledge is to

Accepted Answer

A)  compare the children's answers on different halves of the same test. 
B)  test for inter-rater reliability. 
C)  compare the children's answers on different forms of the same measure. 
D)  compare the children's scores with how well they do on their math assignments in school. 
A)  compare the children's answers on different halves of the same test. 
B)  test for inter-rater reliability. 
C)  compare the children's answers on different forms of the same measure. 
D)  compare the children's scores with how well they do on their math assignments in school.

Question 8

In field experiments, researchers

Accepted Answer

A)  make no effort to alter participants' experiences. 
B)  use treatment conditions that already exist naturally. 
C)  avoid confounding variables by exposing the same participants to all treatments. 
D)  randomly assign participants to treatment conditions in natural settings. 
A)  make no effort to alter participants' experiences. 
B)  use treatment conditions that already exist naturally. 
C)  avoid confounding variables by exposing the same participants to all treatments. 
D)  randomly assign participants to treatment conditions in natural settings.

Question 9

To minimize observer influence, researchers can

Accepted Answer

A)  limit their observations to children over the age of 12. 
B)  tell participants what they are trying to study. 
C)  ask individuals who are part of the child's natural environment to do the observing. 
D)  tell participants that they must be serious and behave in a natural way. 
A)  limit their observations to children over the age of 12. 
B)  tell participants what they are trying to study. 
C)  ask individuals who are part of the child's natural environment to do the observing. 
D)  tell participants that they must be serious and behave in a natural way.

Question 10

In a correlational design, researchers

Accepted Answer

A)  gather information on individuals, generally in natural life circumstances, and make no effort to alter their experiences. 
B)  use an evenhanded procedure to assign people to two or more treatment conditions. 
C)  can infer cause and effect. 
D)  manipulate changes in the independent variable. 
A)  gather information on individuals, generally in natural life circumstances, and make no effort to alter their experiences. 
B)  use an evenhanded procedure to assign people to two or more treatment conditions. 
C)  can infer cause and effect. 
D)  manipulate changes in the independent variable.

Question 11

For children under age 7 or 8, observer influence is

Accepted Answer

A)  impossible to minimize. 
B)  usually present for the first 10 to 12 sessions. 
C)  generally limited to the first session or two. 
D)  rarely a concern. 
A)  impossible to minimize. 
B)  usually present for the first 10 to 12 sessions. 
C)  generally limited to the first session or two. 
D)  rarely a concern.

A sequential design

Nearly one-fourth of U.S. children

When participants in her longitudinal study on the effects of child care moved away or dropped out, Dr. Swan was probably concerned about

Dr. Shigoka is interested in determining which central nervous system structures contribute to personality development. Dr. Shigoka will likely use

A major limitation of correlational studies is that

A researcher would like 8-year-old Andie to participate in a study. Who should have the final word in deciding whether Andie participates?

One way to assess the validity of a new measure of second-grade children's mathematical knowledge is to

In field experiments, researchers

To minimize observer influence, researchers can

In a correlational design, researchers

For children under age 7 or 8, observer influence is

History, Theory, and Applied Directions

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Physical Growth

Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives

Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective

Intelligence

Language Development

Emotional Development

Self and Social Understanding

Moral Development

Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters

Exam 2: Research Strategies

A sequential design

Nearly one-fourth of U.S. children

When participants in her longitudinal study on the effects of child care moved away or dropped out, Dr. Swan was probably concerned about

Dr. Shigoka is interested in determining which central nervous system structures contribute to personality development. Dr. Shigoka will likely use

A major limitation of correlational studies is that

A researcher would like 8-year-old Andie to participate in a study. Who should have the final word in deciding whether Andie participates?

One way to assess the validity of a new measure of second-grade children's mathematical knowledge is to

In field experiments, researchers

To minimize observer influence, researchers can

In a correlational design, researchers

For children under age 7 or 8, observer influence is

History, Theory, and Applied Directions

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Physical Growth

Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives

Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective

Intelligence

Language Development

Emotional Development

Self and Social Understanding

Moral Development

Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters