Question 1

__________ is especially useful for studying behaviors that investigators rarely have an opportunity to see in everyday life.

Accepted Answer

A)  Structured observation 
B)  Naturalistic observation 
C)  The structured interview 
D)  The clinical, or case study, method 
A)  Structured observation 
B)  Naturalistic observation 
C)  The structured interview 
D)  The clinical, or case study, method

Question 2

Describe the problems in conducting longitudinal research.

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal investigations pose a numbe

Question 3

Neurobiological methods

Accepted Answer

A)  are affected by inaccurate reporting. 
B)  help researchers infer the perceptions, thoughts, and emotions of infants. 
C)  do not show which nervous system structures contribute to individual differences. 
D)  bring together a wide range of information on one child, including interviews, observations, and test scores. 
A)  are affected by inaccurate reporting. 
B)  help researchers infer the perceptions, thoughts, and emotions of infants. 
C)  do not show which nervous system structures contribute to individual differences. 
D)  bring together a wide range of information on one child, including interviews, observations, and test scores.

Question 4

Describe the clinical, or case study, method, including its strengths and limitations.

Accepted Answer

An outgrowth of psychoanalytic theory, t

Question 5

A major problem with systematic observation is

Accepted Answer

A)  practice effects. 
B)  selective attrition. 
C)  biased sampling. 
D)  observer influence. 
A)  practice effects. 
B)  selective attrition. 
C)  biased sampling. 
D)  observer influence.

Question 6

In North America, students who are first-generation and second-generation

Accepted Answer

A)  are more likely than students of native-born parents to commit delinquent and violent acts. 
B)  are more likely than students of native-born parents to use drugs and alcohol. 
C)  generally have lower self-esteem than students of native-born parents. 
D)  often achieve in school as well as or better than students of native-born parents. 
A)  are more likely than students of native-born parents to commit delinquent and violent acts. 
B)  are more likely than students of native-born parents to use drugs and alcohol. 
C)  generally have lower self-esteem than students of native-born parents. 
D)  often achieve in school as well as or better than students of native-born parents.

Question 7

Clinical interviews that focus on __________ are particularly vulnerable to distortion.

Accepted Answer

A)  current information and specific characteristics 
B)  past information and specific characteristics 
C)  past information and global judgments 
D)  current information and global judgments 
A)  current information and specific characteristics 
B)  past information and specific characteristics 
C)  past information and global judgments 
D)  current information and global judgments

Question 8

Some researchers have suggested that debriefing does not work well with children because it

Accepted Answer

A)  may undermine their belief in the honesty of adults. 
B)  often leads to observer influence and bias. 
C)  can bias the effects of an experimental manipulation. 
D)  is unethical to debrief children. 
A)  may undermine their belief in the honesty of adults. 
B)  often leads to observer influence and bias. 
C)  can bias the effects of an experimental manipulation. 
D)  is unethical to debrief children.

Question 9

A strength of __________ is that it reflects participants' everyday behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  structured observation 
B)  naturalistic observation 
C)  the structured interview 
D)  the clinical interview 
A)  structured observation 
B)  naturalistic observation 
C)  the structured interview 
D)  the clinical interview

Question 10

Dr. Thompson uses an EEG to record the frequency and amplitude of brain waves in response to music in multiple areas of the cerebral cortex. Dr. Thompson is using

Accepted Answer

A)  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). 
B)  positron emission tomography (PET). 
C)  near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). 
D)  event-related potentials (ERPs). 
A)  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). 
B)  positron emission tomography (PET). 
C)  near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). 
D)  event-related potentials (ERPs).

Question 11

Professor Atari is designing a study to determine if playing video games that require mental rotation of visual images fosters success on spatial reasoning tests. What is the best method of inferring cause and effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Choose a group of children who scored low on spatial reasoning tests and a group who scored high and compare the number of video game play hours for each group. 
B)  Calculate a correlation between spatial reasoning test scores and the number of video game play hours by one group of children. 
C)  Select a group of children who play a lot of video games and a second group who have never played video games and compare their scores on spatial reasoning tests. 
D)  Randomly choose half of the children to play video games and half to play no video games and compare spatial reasoning measures for each group. 
A)  Choose a group of children who scored low on spatial reasoning tests and a group who scored high and compare the number of video game play hours for each group. 
B)  Calculate a correlation between spatial reasoning test scores and the number of video game play hours by one group of children. 
C)  Select a group of children who play a lot of video games and a second group who have never played video games and compare their scores on spatial reasoning tests. 
D)  Randomly choose half of the children to play video games and half to play no video games and compare spatial reasoning measures for each group.

Question 12

The dependent variable is the one the investigator expects to

Accepted Answer

A)  be influenced by the independent variable. 
B)  influence the independent variable. 
C)  cause changes in another variable. 
D)  remain stable throughout the experiment. 
A)  be influenced by the independent variable. 
B)  influence the independent variable. 
C)  cause changes in another variable. 
D)  remain stable throughout the experiment.

Question 13

Dr. Bayor found a correlation of -.89 between music lessons and levels of adolescent delinquency. This correlation is __________ and __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  moderate; positive 
B)  low; negative 
C)  high; negative 
D)  high; positive 
A)  moderate; positive 
B)  low; negative 
C)  high; negative 
D)  high; positive

Question 14

Immigrant parents of successful youths typically

Accepted Answer

A)  do not share their children's views on the importance of education. 
B)  stress individual goals over allegiance to family and community. 
C)  develop close ties to an ethnic community. 
D)  allow their children to monitor themselves. 
A)  do not share their children's views on the importance of education. 
B)  stress individual goals over allegiance to family and community. 
C)  develop close ties to an ethnic community. 
D)  allow their children to monitor themselves.

Question 15

If there are any risks to the safety and welfare of participants that the research does not justify, then preferences is always given to the

Accepted Answer

A)  investigator. 
B)  research committee. 
C)  research participants. 
D)  institutional review board. 
A)  investigator. 
B)  research committee. 
C)  research participants. 
D)  institutional review board.

Question 16

Research suggests that to produce lasting gains in mental-test scores using music, interventions must

Accepted Answer

A)  begin in infancy. 
B)  begin before birth. 
C)  be long-lasting and involve children's active participation. 
D)  occur during REM sleep. 
A)  begin in infancy. 
B)  begin before birth. 
C)  be long-lasting and involve children's active participation. 
D)  occur during REM sleep.

Question 17

An investigator interested in studying fears in preschool children had them reach into a covered box where she placed either a ball, a snake, a kitten, or a spider. Which of the following research rights was violated?

Accepted Answer

A)  protection from harm 
B)  informed consent 
C)  privacy 
D)  beneficial treatments 
A)  protection from harm 
B)  informed consent 
C)  privacy 
D)  beneficial treatments

Question 18

A correlational coefficient can range in value from _____ to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  -100; +100 
B)  -1.00; 0 
C)  0; +1.00 
D)  -1.00; +1.00 
A)  -100; +100 
B)  -1.00; 0 
C)  0; +1.00 
D)  -1.00; +1.00

Question 19

Over time, John, a participant in a longitudinal study, became aware of his own thoughts, feelings, and actions, and consciously revised them when the investigator was present. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  cohort effects. 
B)  practice effects. 
C)  selective attrition. 
D)  biased sampling. 
A)  cohort effects. 
B)  practice effects. 
C)  selective attrition. 
D)  biased sampling.

Question 20

Control over the treatment is generally weaker in a __________ experiment than in a __________ experiment.

Accepted Answer

A)  field; natural, or quasi-, 
B)  laboratory; field 
C)  field; laboratory 
D)  laboratory; natural, or quasi-, 
A)  field; natural, or quasi-, 
B)  laboratory; field 
C)  field; laboratory 
D)  laboratory; natural, or quasi-,

__________ is especially useful for studying behaviors that investigators rarely have an opportunity to see in everyday life.

Describe the problems in conducting longitudinal research.

Neurobiological methods

Describe the clinical, or case study, method, including its strengths and limitations.

A major problem with systematic observation is

In North America, students who are first-generation and second-generation

Clinical interviews that focus on __________ are particularly vulnerable to distortion.

Some researchers have suggested that debriefing does not work well with children because it

A strength of __________ is that it reflects participants' everyday behavior.

Dr. Thompson uses an EEG to record the frequency and amplitude of brain waves in response to music in multiple areas of the cerebral cortex. Dr. Thompson is using

Professor Atari is designing a study to determine if playing video games that require mental rotation of visual images fosters success on spatial reasoning tests. What is the best method of inferring cause and effect?

The dependent variable is the one the investigator expects to

Dr. Bayor found a correlation of -.89 between music lessons and levels of adolescent delinquency. This correlation is and .

Immigrant parents of successful youths typically

If there are any risks to the safety and welfare of participants that the research does not justify, then preferences is always given to the

Research suggests that to produce lasting gains in mental-test scores using music, interventions must

An investigator interested in studying fears in preschool children had them reach into a covered box where she placed either a ball, a snake, a kitten, or a spider. Which of the following research rights was violated?

A correlational coefficient can range in value from _ to _.

Over time, John, a participant in a longitudinal study, became aware of his own thoughts, feelings, and actions, and consciously revised them when the investigator was present. This is an example of

Control over the treatment is generally weaker in a experiment than in a experiment.

History, Theory, and Applied Directions

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Physical Growth

Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives

Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective

Intelligence

Language Development

Emotional Development

Self and Social Understanding

Moral Development

Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters

Exam 2: Research Strategies

__________ is especially useful for studying behaviors that investigators rarely have an opportunity to see in everyday life.

Describe the problems in conducting longitudinal research.

Neurobiological methods

Describe the clinical, or case study, method, including its strengths and limitations.

A major problem with systematic observation is

In North America, students who are first-generation and second-generation

Clinical interviews that focus on __________ are particularly vulnerable to distortion.

Some researchers have suggested that debriefing does not work well with children because it

A strength of __________ is that it reflects participants' everyday behavior.

Dr. Thompson uses an EEG to record the frequency and amplitude of brain waves in response to music in multiple areas of the cerebral cortex. Dr. Thompson is using

Professor Atari is designing a study to determine if playing video games that require mental rotation of visual images fosters success on spatial reasoning tests. What is the best method of inferring cause and effect?

The dependent variable is the one the investigator expects to

Dr. Bayor found a correlation of -.89 between music lessons and levels of adolescent delinquency. This correlation is __________ and __________.

Immigrant parents of successful youths typically

If there are any risks to the safety and welfare of participants that the research does not justify, then preferences is always given to the

Research suggests that to produce lasting gains in mental-test scores using music, interventions must

An investigator interested in studying fears in preschool children had them reach into a covered box where she placed either a ball, a snake, a kitten, or a spider. Which of the following research rights was violated?

A correlational coefficient can range in value from _____ to _____.

Over time, John, a participant in a longitudinal study, became aware of his own thoughts, feelings, and actions, and consciously revised them when the investigator was present. This is an example of

Control over the treatment is generally weaker in a __________ experiment than in a __________ experiment.

History, Theory, and Applied Directions

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Physical Growth

Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives

Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective

Intelligence

Language Development

Emotional Development

Self and Social Understanding

Moral Development

Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters

Dr. Bayor found a correlation of -.89 between music lessons and levels of adolescent delinquency. This correlation is and .

A correlational coefficient can range in value from _ to _.

Control over the treatment is generally weaker in a experiment than in a experiment.