Question 1

Match the coenzyme form of a vitamin with an enzyme and significant function.
-flavin adenine dinucleotide

Accepted Answer

A) proline and hydroxyproline; provide rigidity to newly formed collagen 
B) pyruvate dehydrogenase; important for decarboxylations in carbohydrate catabolism 
C) glutathione reductase; important for red blood cell antioxidant integrity and a sensitive measure of riboflavin nutriture 
D) aldehyde dehydrogenase; important for catabolism of vitamin B₆ (pyridoxal to pyridoxic acid) 
E) acetyl-CoA carboxylase; important to form malonyl-CoA and commit acetyl-CoA to fatty acid synthesis 
A) proline and hydroxyproline; provide rigidity to newly formed collagen 
B) pyruvate dehydrogenase; important for decarboxylations in carbohydrate catabolism 
C) glutathione reductase; important for red blood cell antioxidant integrity and a sensitive measure of riboflavin nutriture 
D) aldehyde dehydrogenase; important for catabolism of vitamin B₆ (pyridoxal to pyridoxic acid) 
E) acetyl-CoA carboxylase; important to form malonyl-CoA and commit acetyl-CoA to fatty acid synthesis

Question 2

Vitamin C's antioxidant abilities may inhibit high-density lipoprotein (HDL)oxidation,which may diminish plaque formation associated with heart disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Decarboxylation of pyruvate is achieved by the interaction of pantothenic acid with thiamin,riboflavin,and ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ascorbic acid 
B) vitamin B12 
C) folate 
D) niacin 
A) ascorbic acid 
B) vitamin B12 
C) folate 
D) niacin

Question 4

Match the coenzyme form of a vitamin with an enzyme and significant function.
-thiamin diphosphate

Accepted Answer

A) proline and hydroxyproline; provide rigidity to newly formed collagen 
B) pyruvate dehydrogenase; important for decarboxylations in carbohydrate catabolism 
C) glutathione reductase; important for red blood cell antioxidant integrity and a sensitive measure of riboflavin nutriture 
D) aldehyde dehydrogenase; important for catabolism of vitamin B₆ (pyridoxal to pyridoxic acid) 
E) acetyl-CoA carboxylase; important to form malonyl-CoA and commit acetyl-CoA to fatty acid synthesis 
A) proline and hydroxyproline; provide rigidity to newly formed collagen 
B) pyruvate dehydrogenase; important for decarboxylations in carbohydrate catabolism 
C) glutathione reductase; important for red blood cell antioxidant integrity and a sensitive measure of riboflavin nutriture 
D) aldehyde dehydrogenase; important for catabolism of vitamin B₆ (pyridoxal to pyridoxic acid) 
E) acetyl-CoA carboxylase; important to form malonyl-CoA and commit acetyl-CoA to fatty acid synthesis

Question 5

One method to assess nutrient status is to measure the activity of an enzyme that requires the vitamin as a cofactor.Explain how this works-first in a conceptual way,and then specifically using an example.Your specific example choices are thiamin,riboflavin,or folate (pick one).Do you think this is a good assessment method? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

Conceptual: If one knows of a specific e

Question 6

What is the criterion for a genetic difference to be called a "polymorphism"?

Accepted Answer

A) It has to be lethal within 6 months of life. 
B) It causes a miscarriage 50% of the time. 
C) More men than women have the genetic difference. 
D) More than 1% of the population has the variation. 
A) It has to be lethal within 6 months of life. 
B) It causes a miscarriage 50% of the time. 
C) More men than women have the genetic difference. 
D) More than 1% of the population has the variation.

Question 7

A consequence of thiamin deficiency is ____.

Accepted Answer

A) pellagra 
B) megaloblastic anemia 
C) beriberi 
D) rickets 
A) pellagra 
B) megaloblastic anemia 
C) beriberi 
D) rickets

Question 8

When ascorbic acid becomes dehydroascorbic acid,it has ____.

Accepted Answer

A) lost two electrons 
B) lost one electron 
C) gained two electrons 
D) gained one electron 
A) lost two electrons 
B) lost one electron 
C) gained two electrons 
D) gained one electron

Question 9

What is the significance of vitamin C to carnitine and fat metabolism?

Accepted Answer

?Grading rubric - answer should include

Question 10

Folic acid fortification has ____.

Accepted Answer

A) not caused the decrease in NTDs that was expected 
B) had no effect on the number of NTDs in this country 
C) caused a greater decrease in NTDs than was expected 
D) reduced the number of various NTDs by 11-50% in different studies 
A) not caused the decrease in NTDs that was expected 
B) had no effect on the number of NTDs in this country 
C) caused a greater decrease in NTDs than was expected 
D) reduced the number of various NTDs by 11-50% in different studies

Question 11

Match the coenzyme form of a vitamin with an enzyme and significant function.
-prolyl-4-hydroxylase

Accepted Answer

A) proline and hydroxyproline; provide rigidity to newly formed collagen 
B) pyruvate dehydrogenase; important for decarboxylations in carbohydrate catabolism 
C) glutathione reductase; important for red blood cell antioxidant integrity and a sensitive measure of riboflavin nutriture 
D) aldehyde dehydrogenase; important for catabolism of vitamin B₆ (pyridoxal to pyridoxic acid) 
E) acetyl-CoA carboxylase; important to form malonyl-CoA and commit acetyl-CoA to fatty acid synthesis 
A) proline and hydroxyproline; provide rigidity to newly formed collagen 
B) pyruvate dehydrogenase; important for decarboxylations in carbohydrate catabolism 
C) glutathione reductase; important for red blood cell antioxidant integrity and a sensitive measure of riboflavin nutriture 
D) aldehyde dehydrogenase; important for catabolism of vitamin B₆ (pyridoxal to pyridoxic acid) 
E) acetyl-CoA carboxylase; important to form malonyl-CoA and commit acetyl-CoA to fatty acid synthesis

Question 12

Nutrients can be used to compensate for some gaps in our DNA.For example:

Accepted Answer

A) Individuals with a change in the base sequence for the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene can correct the sequence of bases by eating a lot of phenylalanine. 
B) Obese individuals can lose body weight by eating fewer calories than they expend. 
C) Omega-3 fatty acids can upregulate genes encoding for fat oxidation. 
D) Individuals with a polymorphism that decreases activity of a folate-metabolizing enzyme, methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase, may have more elevated plasma homocysteine than those with a normal enzyme while more folate intake can normalize plasma homocysteine for those with this polymorphism. 
A) Individuals with a change in the base sequence for the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene can correct the sequence of bases by eating a lot of phenylalanine. 
B) Obese individuals can lose body weight by eating fewer calories than they expend. 
C) Omega-3 fatty acids can upregulate genes encoding for fat oxidation. 
D) Individuals with a polymorphism that decreases activity of a folate-metabolizing enzyme, methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase, may have more elevated plasma homocysteine than those with a normal enzyme while more folate intake can normalize plasma homocysteine for those with this polymorphism.

Question 13

One method to assess vitamin status is using a "load test." Explain how this works-first in a conceptual way,and then specifically using one example.Your specific example can be chosen from either tryptophan or histidine (pick one).Do you think this is a good assessment method? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

​Conceptual: If it is known that a vitam

Question 14

The B vitamin that is involved in hematopoiesis (production of blood cells)is ____.

Accepted Answer

A) vitamin B12 
B) vitamin B? 
C) biotin 
D) vitamin B2 
A) vitamin B12 
B) vitamin B? 
C) biotin 
D) vitamin B2

Question 15

Tetrahydrofolate is vitally important for dividing cells during growth and cancer and knowledge of this need is used in cancer treatment by giving the drug methotrexate to inhibit the enzyme ____.

Accepted Answer

A) folylpolyglutamate synthetase 
B) dihydrofolate reductase 
C) formimino glutamate 
D) conjugase 
A) folylpolyglutamate synthetase 
B) dihydrofolate reductase 
C) formimino glutamate 
D) conjugase

Question 16

Without enough vitamin C,collagen would ____.

Accepted Answer

A) be too tightly coiled 
B) be overhydroxylated 
C) be underhydroxylated 
D) too strong and less flexible 
A) be too tightly coiled 
B) be overhydroxylated 
C) be underhydroxylated 
D) too strong and less flexible

Question 17

Vitamin C acts as a cofactor by maintaining iron in a reduced state in ____.

Accepted Answer

A) collagen synthesis 
B) methylation of homocysteine 
C) release of energy from nutrients 
D) red blood cell synthesis 
A) collagen synthesis 
B) methylation of homocysteine 
C) release of energy from nutrients 
D) red blood cell synthesis

Question 18

Vitamins and Energy Metabolism: Vitamins play a big role in our ability to acquire energy from macronutrients.Pick one macronutrient and discuss how vitamins are involved in procuring energy; choose from: (1)carbohydrates (glycolysis/TCA); (2)lipids (lipolysis/β-oxidation); or (3)protein/amino acids (gluconeogenesis).Your answer should be as specific as possible: names of vitamins and what they do with respect to the macronutrient you've chosen to help generate energy.A diagram may be especially useful.
Hint: There are four vitamins for (1),three to five vitamins for (2),and two to four vitamins for (3)-the range for (2)and (3)is because it depends on the FA or AA you start with.

Accepted Answer

​Carbohydrates: Vitamins involved are th

Question 19

Impaired folding and secretion of proteins have been observed with thiamin deficiency.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Match the nutrient listed to the phrase or word given.Nutrient choices may be used more than once.
-pernicious anemia is a lack of absorption of this

Accepted Answer

A) vitamin B12 
B) vitamin B₆ 
C) folate or folic acid 
D) vitamin C 
A) vitamin B12 
B) vitamin B₆ 
C) folate or folic acid 
D) vitamin C

Match the coenzyme form of a vitamin with an enzyme and significant function. -flavin adenine dinucleotide

Vitamin C's antioxidant abilities may inhibit high-density lipoprotein (HDL)oxidation,which may diminish plaque formation associated with heart disease.

Decarboxylation of pyruvate is achieved by the interaction of pantothenic acid with thiamin,riboflavin,and ____.

Match the coenzyme form of a vitamin with an enzyme and significant function. -thiamin diphosphate

What is the criterion for a genetic difference to be called a "polymorphism"?

A consequence of thiamin deficiency is ____.

When ascorbic acid becomes dehydroascorbic acid,it has ____.

What is the significance of vitamin C to carnitine and fat metabolism?

Folic acid fortification has ____.

Match the coenzyme form of a vitamin with an enzyme and significant function. -prolyl-4-hydroxylase

Nutrients can be used to compensate for some gaps in our DNA.For example:

One method to assess vitamin status is using a "load test." Explain how this works-first in a conceptual way,and then specifically using one example.Your specific example can be chosen from either tryptophan or histidine (pick one).Do you think this is a good assessment method? Why or why not?

The B vitamin that is involved in hematopoiesis (production of blood cells)is ____.

Tetrahydrofolate is vitally important for dividing cells during growth and cancer and knowledge of this need is used in cancer treatment by giving the drug methotrexate to inhibit the enzyme ____.

Without enough vitamin C,collagen would ____.

Vitamin C acts as a cofactor by maintaining iron in a reduced state in ____.

Impaired folding and secretion of proteins have been observed with thiamin deficiency.

Match the nutrient listed to the phrase or word given.Nutrient choices may be used more than once. -pernicious anemia is a lack of absorption of this

The Cell: A Microcosm of Life

The Digestive System: Mechanism for Nourishing the Body

Carbohydrates

Fiber

Lipids

Protein

Integration and Regulation of Metabolism and the Impact of Exercise

Energy Expenditure, Body Composition, and Healthy Weight

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Major Minerals

Water and Electrolytes

Essential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

Nonessential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

Filters

Exam 9: Water-Soluble Vitamins

Match the coenzyme form of a vitamin with an enzyme and significant function. -flavin adenine dinucleotide

Vitamin C's antioxidant abilities may inhibit high-density lipoprotein (HDL)oxidation,which may diminish plaque formation associated with heart disease.

Decarboxylation of pyruvate is achieved by the interaction of pantothenic acid with thiamin,riboflavin,and ____.

Match the coenzyme form of a vitamin with an enzyme and significant function. -thiamin diphosphate

What is the criterion for a genetic difference to be called a "polymorphism"?

A consequence of thiamin deficiency is ____.

When ascorbic acid becomes dehydroascorbic acid,it has ____.

What is the significance of vitamin C to carnitine and fat metabolism?

Folic acid fortification has ____.

Match the coenzyme form of a vitamin with an enzyme and significant function. -prolyl-4-hydroxylase

Nutrients can be used to compensate for some gaps in our DNA.For example:

One method to assess vitamin status is using a "load test." Explain how this works-first in a conceptual way,and then specifically using one example.Your specific example can be chosen from either tryptophan or histidine (pick one).Do you think this is a good assessment method? Why or why not?

The B vitamin that is involved in hematopoiesis (production of blood cells)is ____.

Tetrahydrofolate is vitally important for dividing cells during growth and cancer and knowledge of this need is used in cancer treatment by giving the drug methotrexate to inhibit the enzyme ____.

Without enough vitamin C,collagen would ____.

Vitamin C acts as a cofactor by maintaining iron in a reduced state in ____.

Impaired folding and secretion of proteins have been observed with thiamin deficiency.

Match the nutrient listed to the phrase or word given.Nutrient choices may be used more than once. -pernicious anemia is a lack of absorption of this

The Cell: A Microcosm of Life

The Digestive System: Mechanism for Nourishing the Body

Carbohydrates

Fiber

Lipids

Protein

Integration and Regulation of Metabolism and the Impact of Exercise

Energy Expenditure, Body Composition, and Healthy Weight

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Major Minerals

Water and Electrolytes

Essential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

Nonessential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

Filters