Exam 6: The Enlightenment 1700-1815

The idea that we perceive the world directly, unmediated by ideas was advocated by:

In 1748, __________ took a step Descartes would not, or could not, proclaiming that human beings are just machines, not very different from animals.

According to Kant, statements such as "Every event has a cause," or "Space is three dimensional" can never be disproved because:

Franz Mesmer's treatment for his patient's "functional illnesses" using mesmerism Eventually transformed into ____________.

Which of the following was NOT one of the perceived enemies of the Enlightenment Project?

With respect to the possibility of psychology-defined as the introspective psychology of consciousness-becoming a science, Vico argued that

David Hartley strove to see the mind through Newtonian eyes. Hartley believed in the close correspondence of mind and brain and ___________.

If they could look at psychology as it is practiced today, Vico and Herder would be most unhappy with modern psychology's:

Hume initially proposed three basic laws of association. He then argued, however, that one of them was not basic, but derived from another law (plus a sentiment). This nonbasic law was:

Hume's skepticism raised which later philosopher "from my dogmatic slumbers?"

Although the concept of association of ideas is very old, only _________ made it into a central principle of mental operation, calling it the "gravity" of the mind.

How did Hume show that no empirical generalization can ever be absolutely certain?

According to Hume, general conclusions of the type "All swans are black," or "Every event has a cause" are:

The idea that people have an innate moral sense that intuitively distinguishes right from wrong:

According to Hume, the force that held together the objects of the mind (ideas) was:

Box 6.2 "Science, Modernity, and the Counter-Enlightenment" discusses the point that a central idea of the Enlightenment was that people should live by the light of reason alone. If this is true, should one feel guilty for their sins? (Explain your answer).

Describe Descartes' and La Mettrie's contributions to the mechanistic conception of human thought and behavior.

Which of the following was the view of Immanuel Kant?

Which of the following was considered to be the "The lamp of the Enlightenment"?

Some Enlightenment thinkers, especially in France, were excited by the ideas of La Mettrie and Condillac because they implied that: