Question 1

In discussing Daniel Dennett's model of consciousness, the author of the text suggests that animals are like _______ while humans are more like _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  hardwired real calculators; general purpose computers 
B)  general purpose computers, hardwired real calculators 
C)  infant children, older adults 
D)  clocks, thermostats 
A)  hardwired real calculators; general purpose computers 
B)  general purpose computers, hardwired real calculators 
C)  infant children, older adults 
D)  clocks, thermostats A

Question 2

Explain the Challenge of Intentionality for the information processing approach. What does Daniel Dennett mean by adopting the "intentional stance".

Accepted Answer

The challenge of intentionality for the information processing approach lies in the difficulty of accounting for the meaningfulness and purposefulness of mental states and processes. Intentionality refers to the property of mental states and processes that they are about something, or directed towards an object or content. This poses a challenge for the information processing approach because it is focused on the manipulation and transformation of symbols or representations, but it struggles to explain how these symbols acquire meaning and how mental processes can be genuinely about something.

Daniel Dennett, a prominent philosopher of mind, addresses this challenge by proposing the concept of the "intentional stance". According to Dennett, the intentional stance is a way of understanding and predicting the behavior of complex systems, including humans, by treating them as if they have beliefs, desires, and intentions. This means that we can interpret and explain the behavior of a system by attributing mental states to it, even if we do not fully understand the internal mechanisms or processes that give rise to those states.

In adopting the intentional stance, Dennett suggests that we can make sense of the meaningfulness and purposefulness of mental states and processes by treating them as if they are intentional, even if we do not fully understand how they work at a mechanistic level. This allows us to bridge the gap between the purely mechanistic account of information processing and the meaningful, purposeful nature of mental states and processes. However, it also raises questions about the nature of intentionality and the limits of our ability to attribute mental states to complex systems.

Question 3

According to the Turing Test, artificial intelligence will have been achieved when:

Accepted Answer

A)  a program becomes the world's chess champion 
B)  computers have civil rights 
C)  you can't tell if you're conversing with a human or computer 
D)  computers can interpret one language into another 
A)  a program becomes the world's chess champion 
B)  computers have civil rights 
C)  you can't tell if you're conversing with a human or computer 
D)  computers can interpret one language into another C

Question 4

According to information processing psychologists, introspection:

Accepted Answer

A)  provides valid descriptions of mental processes 
B)  is a basic tool for understanding the mind 
C)  reveals little or nothing of cognitive processes 
D)  doesn't exist 
A)  provides valid descriptions of mental processes 
B)  is a basic tool for understanding the mind 
C)  reveals little or nothing of cognitive processes 
D)  doesn't exist

Question 5

The basic notion behind cognitive science is the idea that:

Accepted Answer

A)  cognition is a biological process 
B)  all cognizers, regardless of physical makeup, think the same way 
C)  epistemology has much to learn from computer science 
D)  humans and machines are conscious 
A)  cognition is a biological process 
B)  all cognizers, regardless of physical makeup, think the same way 
C)  epistemology has much to learn from computer science 
D)  humans and machines are conscious

Question 6

According to cognitive science, computers and people are alike in that both:

Accepted Answer

A)  use language 
B)  have memories 
C)  have CPUs 
D)  are informavores 
A)  use language 
B)  have memories 
C)  have CPUs 
D)  are informavores

Question 7

Sally tells her professor, "My term paper will be late, my computer decided to delete it last night and then punish me by refusing to reboot." Daniel Dennett would argue that Sally _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  needs to look at the deep structure behind her sentence as suggested by Chomsky. 
B)  is engaging in "reduction ad absurdum" when it comes to her verbal behavior. 
C)  has adopted an intentional stance toward her computer. 
D)  should simply tell her professor her dog ate her term paper. 
A)  needs to look at the deep structure behind her sentence as suggested by Chomsky. 
B)  is engaging in "reduction ad absurdum" when it comes to her verbal behavior. 
C)  has adopted an intentional stance toward her computer. 
D)  should simply tell her professor her dog ate her term paper.

Question 8

Chomsky's thesis that language learning has an innate basis is a revival of ________ in psychology.

Accepted Answer

A)  nativism 
B)  empiricism 
C)  associationism 
D)  the Spencerian paradigm 
A)  nativism 
B)  empiricism 
C)  associationism 
D)  the Spencerian paradigm

Question 9

The new movement in cognitive science that rejects entirely or in part the symbol-system conception of mind (i.e. Cartesian cognitive science) is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  intuitive science 
B)  embodied cognition 
C)  formalism 
D)  the neural network approach. 
A)  intuitive science 
B)  embodied cognition 
C)  formalism 
D)  the neural network approach.

Question 10

Describe John Searle's Chinese Room and summarize his criticism of the Turing Test? Explain the difference between weak AI and strong AI.

Accepted Answer

John Searle's Chinese Room is a thought

Question 11

The concept of the homunculus refers to the idea that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the mind is like a computer program 
B)  human behavior is uniquely different from animal behavior 
C)  human behavior can be explained by Hull's mathematical principles 
D)  behavior is controlled by a "little man" in a person's body 
A)  the mind is like a computer program 
B)  human behavior is uniquely different from animal behavior 
C)  human behavior can be explained by Hull's mathematical principles 
D)  behavior is controlled by a "little man" in a person's body

Question 12

Describe the New Connectionism and explain the difference between sequential and parallel computer processing.

Accepted Answer

The New Connectionism is a theoretical f

Question 13

The hypothesis that links together artificial intelligence and human cognition is the idea that:

Accepted Answer

A)  both machines and people are symbol users 
B)  psychological theories may be written as computer programs 
C)  computers are learning to speak English 
D)  both humans and computers are physical devices 
A)  both machines and people are symbol users 
B)  psychological theories may be written as computer programs 
C)  computers are learning to speak English 
D)  both humans and computers are physical devices

Question 14

The New Functionalism views cognitive psychologists like computer programmers. However, they dare not fool with the machine's wiring so they attempt to understand its program by?

Accepted Answer

A)  experimenting with input-output functions. 
B)  experimenting with the circuit boards and memory chips. 
C)  experimenting with the human user and not the machine itself. 
D)  creating a new program that will become pure AI. 
A)  experimenting with input-output functions. 
B)  experimenting with the circuit boards and memory chips. 
C)  experimenting with the human user and not the machine itself. 
D)  creating a new program that will become pure AI.

Question 15

Daniel Dennett's robot (R1) is faced with the problem of getting a spare battery in a wagon, locked in a room with a time bomb. R1 and his descendants are facing a problem called ________?

Accepted Answer

A)  reduction ad absurdum 
B)  the intentional stance problem 
C)  Neurocentrism 
D)  the frame problem 
A)  reduction ad absurdum 
B)  the intentional stance problem 
C)  Neurocentrism 
D)  the frame problem

Question 16

A computer that plays chess exactly as grandmasters do would be an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  artificial intelligence 
B)  computer simulation 
C)  task analysis 
D)  heuristic programming 
A)  artificial intelligence 
B)  computer simulation 
C)  task analysis 
D)  heuristic programming

Question 17

Is it possible to formalize human knowledge and problem-solving skills as a set of computerized rules? Summarize Daniel Dennett's frame problem story.

Accepted Answer

Is it possible to formalize human knowle

Question 18

If you conclude that your mind is running a computational program that runs your body similar to a computer program controlling a computer you are most likely a?

Accepted Answer

A)  Behaviorist 
B)  S-R mediationalist 
C)  New Look member 
D)  Functionalist 
A)  Behaviorist 
B)  S-R mediationalist 
C)  New Look member 
D)  Functionalist

Question 19

In the "New Look" research in perception, Bruner and his associates found that _____ was required for a subject to recognize a taboo word than to recognize a neutral word.

Accepted Answer

A)  a shorter exposure time 
B)  longer exposure time 
C)  a positive reinforcer 
D)  a positive punisher 
A)  a shorter exposure time 
B)  longer exposure time 
C)  a positive reinforcer 
D)  a positive punisher

Question 20

Although early computers were called "electronic brains," computers really think with their:

Accepted Answer

A)  circuitry 
B)  programs 
C)  core memories 
D)  terminal emulators 
A)  circuitry 
B)  programs 
C)  core memories 
D)  terminal emulators

In discussing Daniel Dennett's model of consciousness, the author of the text suggests that animals are like ___ while humans are more like _.

Explain the Challenge of Intentionality for the information processing approach. What does Daniel Dennett mean by adopting the "intentional stance".

According to the Turing Test, artificial intelligence will have been achieved when:

According to information processing psychologists, introspection:

The basic notion behind cognitive science is the idea that:

According to cognitive science, computers and people are alike in that both:

Sally tells her professor, "My term paper will be late, my computer decided to delete it last night and then punish me by refusing to reboot." Daniel Dennett would argue that Sally _________.

Chomsky's thesis that language learning has an innate basis is a revival of ________ in psychology.

The new movement in cognitive science that rejects entirely or in part the symbol-system conception of mind (i.e. Cartesian cognitive science) is known as:

Describe John Searle's Chinese Room and summarize his criticism of the Turing Test? Explain the difference between weak AI and strong AI.

The concept of the homunculus refers to the idea that:

Describe the New Connectionism and explain the difference between sequential and parallel computer processing.

The hypothesis that links together artificial intelligence and human cognition is the idea that:

The New Functionalism views cognitive psychologists like computer programmers. However, they dare not fool with the machine's wiring so they attempt to understand its program by?

Daniel Dennett's robot (R1) is faced with the problem of getting a spare battery in a wagon, locked in a room with a time bomb. R1 and his descendants are facing a problem called ________?

A computer that plays chess exactly as grandmasters do would be an example of:

Is it possible to formalize human knowledge and problem-solving skills as a set of computerized rules? Summarize Daniel Dennett's frame problem story.

If you conclude that your mind is running a computational program that runs your body similar to a computer program controlling a computer you are most likely a?

In the "New Look" research in perception, Bruner and his associates found that _____ was required for a subject to recognize a taboo word than to recognize a neutral word.

Although early computers were called "electronic brains," computers really think with their:

Introduction

The Legacy of Ancient Greece Eea-323 Bce

Antiquity 323 Bce-1000 Ce

The End of the Premodern World 1000-1600 Ce

The Scientific Revolution

The Enlightenment 1700-1815

The Ascent of Science 1815-1914

The Psychology of Consciousness

The Psychology of the Unconscious

The Psychology of Adaptation

Behaviorism 1892-1956

The Rise of Applied Psychology 1892-1939

The Psychological Society 1940-2016

Filters

Exam 12: Cognitive Science 1956-2016

In discussing Daniel Dennett's model of consciousness, the author of the text suggests that animals are like _______ while humans are more like _____.

Explain the Challenge of Intentionality for the information processing approach. What does Daniel Dennett mean by adopting the "intentional stance".

According to the Turing Test, artificial intelligence will have been achieved when:

According to information processing psychologists, introspection:

The basic notion behind cognitive science is the idea that:

According to cognitive science, computers and people are alike in that both:

Sally tells her professor, "My term paper will be late, my computer decided to delete it last night and then punish me by refusing to reboot." Daniel Dennett would argue that Sally _________.

Chomsky's thesis that language learning has an innate basis is a revival of ________ in psychology.

The new movement in cognitive science that rejects entirely or in part the symbol-system conception of mind (i.e. Cartesian cognitive science) is known as:

Describe John Searle's Chinese Room and summarize his criticism of the Turing Test? Explain the difference between weak AI and strong AI.

The concept of the homunculus refers to the idea that:

Describe the New Connectionism and explain the difference between sequential and parallel computer processing.

The hypothesis that links together artificial intelligence and human cognition is the idea that:

The New Functionalism views cognitive psychologists like computer programmers. However, they dare not fool with the machine's wiring so they attempt to understand its program by?

Daniel Dennett's robot (R1) is faced with the problem of getting a spare battery in a wagon, locked in a room with a time bomb. R1 and his descendants are facing a problem called ________?

A computer that plays chess exactly as grandmasters do would be an example of:

Is it possible to formalize human knowledge and problem-solving skills as a set of computerized rules? Summarize Daniel Dennett's frame problem story.

If you conclude that your mind is running a computational program that runs your body similar to a computer program controlling a computer you are most likely a?

In the "New Look" research in perception, Bruner and his associates found that _____ was required for a subject to recognize a taboo word than to recognize a neutral word.

Although early computers were called "electronic brains," computers really think with their:

Introduction

The Legacy of Ancient Greece Eea-323 Bce

Antiquity 323 Bce-1000 Ce

The End of the Premodern World 1000-1600 Ce

The Scientific Revolution

The Enlightenment 1700-1815

The Ascent of Science 1815-1914

The Psychology of Consciousness

The Psychology of the Unconscious

The Psychology of Adaptation

Behaviorism 1892-1956

The Rise of Applied Psychology 1892-1939

The Psychological Society 1940-2016

Filters

In discussing Daniel Dennett's model of consciousness, the author of the text suggests that animals are like ___ while humans are more like _.