Exam 7: The Ascent of Science 1815-1914

Which of the following scientists believed that the cerebral cortex is not a set of localized abilities but acts as a unit ("mass action")?

Although not always correct, Franz Gall is regarded by many to be the founder of cognitive neuroscience, because he was the first to seriously propose the idea that the brain _______.

Explain how Gall's psychology is behavioristic rather than introspectionistic and why it is objective rather than subjective?

Explain what the author of the text means when he states that Gall's conception of psychology pointed in two directions, one scientific and one pseudo-scientific. How did Flourens attempt to refute Gall? What is wrong with Flourens's reasoning?

Using reaction time measures, the German physicist Hermann von Helmholtz showed the speed of nerve conduction to be approximately:

How did the Romantics conception of the mind differ from that of the Enlightenment's "Newton's of the mind"? According to the Romantics is society grown or made? (explain).

Which of the following physicists advocated for positivism as a fundamental philosophy for science and as an anti-realist reportedly said, "Have you ever seen one?" while debating the legitimacy of atoms?

The first theories about psychopathology emphasized _______ causes.

According to Comte the final stage of human history was the scientific stage. Here a new science would rule over society called:

In his Radical Behaviorism Skinner argued that references to any unobservable "mental" processes were illegitimate metaphysics and not science. In many ways, Skinner applied ________ vision of psychology to his theory of behaviorism.

The modern term "subject" that psychologists use to designate the people they study developed originally in:

When it comes to discussing how society develops, which of the following was most likely to have said, "Just as too much pruning and shaping can kill a tree, so scientific planning can kill a culture".

What Frederic Myers once studied was known as Psychical research. Today it is known as __________ and makes most psychologists uncomfortable.

In F. C. Donders's method of mental chronometry, a simple reaction time might involve measuring how long it takes someone to respond to a light coming on above a response key. A compound reaction time however, might involve:

In his treatment of association of ideas, J. S. Mill introduced the idea of ________, that ideas can so combine that they lose their individual identities and produce an experience with different, emergent, properties:

Dutch physiologist F. C. Donder's used simple and compound reaction times to infer the action of complex mental processes. His method of objectively measuring physiological and mental processes was called:

The first mental test that was actually worked and was practical was devised by:

Following Kant, philosophers tended to assume that the mind could not be subjected to experiment or quantified in mathematical terms. Describe how the Physicist Gustave Fechner showed these assumptions to be uncorrect. Why is Fechner considered to be the founder of experimental psychology but NOT as is Wundt the founder of the science of psychology?