Question 1

Cross-cultural research shows that cosleeping

Accepted Answer

A)  is the norm for approximately 90 percent of the world's population. 
B)  is uncommon in U.S. ethnic minority families. 
C)  babies breastfeed for shorter time periods than independent sleepers. 
D)  children are at risk for later social problems, especially dependency. 
A)  is the norm for approximately 90 percent of the world's population. 
B)  is uncommon in U.S. ethnic minority families. 
C)  babies breastfeed for shorter time periods than independent sleepers. 
D)  children are at risk for later social problems, especially dependency.

Question 2

What is lateralization of the brain, and why does it occur?

Accepted Answer

The cerebral cortex has two hemispheres,

Question 3

Throughout childhood, girls

Accepted Answer

A)  are slightly taller than boys. 
B)  are slightly heavier than boys. 
C)  have a higher ratio of fat to muscle than boys. 
D)  have more "baby fat" than boys. 
A)  are slightly taller than boys. 
B)  are slightly heavier than boys. 
C)  have a higher ratio of fat to muscle than boys. 
D)  have more "baby fat" than boys.

Question 4

In a highly plastic cerebral cortex,

Accepted Answer

A)  the areas of the brain are strongly committed to specific functions, and there is a high capacity for learning. 
B)  if a part of the cortex is damaged, other parts can take over the tasks it would have handled. 
C)  spatial skills develop more rapidly than language skills and are easier to recover after injury. 
D)  the right and left hemispheres of the brain have become strongly lateralized. 
A)  the areas of the brain are strongly committed to specific functions, and there is a high capacity for learning. 
B)  if a part of the cortex is damaged, other parts can take over the tasks it would have handled. 
C)  spatial skills develop more rapidly than language skills and are easier to recover after injury. 
D)  the right and left hemispheres of the brain have become strongly lateralized.

Question 5

In James Galloway and Esther Thelen's microgenetic study following babies from their first attempts until skill mastery, the infants

Accepted Answer

A)  scooted before crawling. 
B)  first explored the toys with their feet. 
C)  violated the proximodistal trend. 
D)  required adult instruction to acquire motor skills. 
A)  scooted before crawling. 
B)  first explored the toys with their feet. 
C)  violated the proximodistal trend. 
D)  required adult instruction to acquire motor skills.

Question 6

Most newborns show greater activation in the left hemisphere while

Accepted Answer

A)  displaying a positive state of arousal. 
B)  listening to nonspeech sounds. 
C)  drinking a sour-tasting fluid. 
D)  feeling distress. 
A)  displaying a positive state of arousal. 
B)  listening to nonspeech sounds. 
C)  drinking a sour-tasting fluid. 
D)  feeling distress.

Question 7

Color vision is adultlike by

Accepted Answer

A)  birth. 
B)  1 month. 
C)  2 months. 
D)  4 months. 
A)  birth. 
B)  1 month. 
C)  2 months. 
D)  4 months.

Question 8

Which of the following motor skills is believed to play the greatest role in infant cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A)  crawling 
B)  reaching 
C)  rolling from back to side 
D)  walking 
A)  crawling 
B)  reaching 
C)  rolling from back to side 
D)  walking

Question 9

Which of the following is an activity associated with experience-dependent brain growth?

Accepted Answer

A)  writing a poem 
B)  singing a song 
C)  imitating facial expressions 
D)  playing peekaboo 
A)  writing a poem 
B)  singing a song 
C)  imitating facial expressions 
D)  playing peekaboo

Question 10

At birth, the human brain is set up to be

Accepted Answer

A)  attracted to novelty. 
B)  wary of change. 
C)  attracted to familiarity. 
D)  bored by repetition. 
A)  attracted to novelty. 
B)  wary of change. 
C)  attracted to familiarity. 
D)  bored by repetition.

Question 11

Between 3 and 4 months, babies can

Accepted Answer

A)  discriminate positive from negative emotion in voices. 
B)  match faces with voices on the basis of lip-voice synchrony. 
C)  discriminate positive from negative emotion in faces. 
D)  remember the unique face-voice pairings of unfamiliar adults. 
A)  discriminate positive from negative emotion in voices. 
B)  match faces with voices on the basis of lip-voice synchrony. 
C)  discriminate positive from negative emotion in faces. 
D)  remember the unique face-voice pairings of unfamiliar adults.

Question 12

The newborn's capacity to imitate

Accepted Answer

A)  has primarily been observed in Western cultures. 
B)  disappears by two weeks of age. 
C)  has been demonstrated in many ethnic groups and cultures. 
D)  is limited to tongue protrusions. 
A)  has primarily been observed in Western cultures. 
B)  disappears by two weeks of age. 
C)  has been demonstrated in many ethnic groups and cultures. 
D)  is limited to tongue protrusions.

Question 13

Researchers using Gibson and Walk's visual cliff found that

Accepted Answer

A)  depth perception first appears after babies begin to walk. 
B)  most babies avoided the deep side of the cliff. 
C)  most babies avoided the shallow side of the cliff. 
D)  depth perception first appears after babies begin to crawl. 
A)  depth perception first appears after babies begin to walk. 
B)  most babies avoided the deep side of the cliff. 
C)  most babies avoided the shallow side of the cliff. 
D)  depth perception first appears after babies begin to crawl.

Question 14

_________ preference assesses infants' _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  Familiarity; recent memory 
B)  Novelty; remote memory 
C)  Novelty; recent memory 
D)  Familiarity; reflexes 
A)  Familiarity; recent memory 
B)  Novelty; remote memory 
C)  Novelty; recent memory 
D)  Familiarity; reflexes

Question 15

Research reveals that

Accepted Answer

A)  plasticity declines during synaptic pruning. 
B)  plasticity is greatest while the brain is forming new neurons. 
C)  brain plasticity is restricted to early childhood. 
D)  the adult brain cannot produce new neurons. 
A)  plasticity declines during synaptic pruning. 
B)  plasticity is greatest while the brain is forming new neurons. 
C)  brain plasticity is restricted to early childhood. 
D)  the adult brain cannot produce new neurons.

Question 16

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services advises

Accepted Answer

A)  exclusive breastfeeding for the first 2 years. 
B)  exclusive breastfeeding for the first 12 months. 
C)  inclusion of breast milk in the baby's diet until at least 1 year. 
D)  weaning from breast milk by age 6 months. 
A)  exclusive breastfeeding for the first 2 years. 
B)  exclusive breastfeeding for the first 12 months. 
C)  inclusion of breast milk in the baby's diet until at least 1 year. 
D)  weaning from breast milk by age 6 months.

Question 17

In a dimly lit room, Baby Ursula actively works to bring her hands into her field of vision. She makes poorly coordinated swipes toward objects in front of her. Ursula is demonstrating

Accepted Answer

A)  the ulnar grasp. 
B)  voluntary reaching. 
C)  the pincer grasp. 
D)  prereaching. 
A)  the ulnar grasp. 
B)  voluntary reaching. 
C)  the pincer grasp. 
D)  prereaching.

Question 18

Research indicates that ________ probably strengthens certain neural connections, especially those involved in vision and ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  crawling; pattern perception 
B)  sitting; understanding of space 
C)  sitting; pattern perception 
D)  crawling; understanding of space 
A)  crawling; pattern perception 
B)  sitting; understanding of space 
C)  sitting; pattern perception 
D)  crawling; understanding of space

Question 19

A study of children who had spent their first eight months or more in Romanian institutions before being adopted into Canadian homes found that

Accepted Answer

A)  the longer the children spent in orphanage care, the higher their cortisol levels-even 6½ years after adoption. 
B)  the children had abnormally high levels of oxytocin in their blood, regardless of when they were adopted. 
C)  children who experienced adequate early nutrition were not negatively affected by early orphanage rearing. 
D)  depression only appeared in those children who spent more than 2 years in an orphanage. 
A)  the longer the children spent in orphanage care, the higher their cortisol levels-even 6½ years after adoption. 
B)  the children had abnormally high levels of oxytocin in their blood, regardless of when they were adopted. 
C)  children who experienced adequate early nutrition were not negatively affected by early orphanage rearing. 
D)  depression only appeared in those children who spent more than 2 years in an orphanage.

Question 20

Which picture is newborn Rori most likely to prefer?

Accepted Answer

A)  a facelike drawing with the features arranged naturally 
B)  a facelike drawing with the features arranged upside down 
C)  a facelike drawing with the features arranged sideways 
D)  a complex drawing of a face 
A)  a facelike drawing with the features arranged naturally 
B)  a facelike drawing with the features arranged upside down 
C)  a facelike drawing with the features arranged sideways 
D)  a complex drawing of a face

Cross-cultural research shows that cosleeping

What is lateralization of the brain, and why does it occur?

Throughout childhood, girls

In a highly plastic cerebral cortex,

In James Galloway and Esther Thelen's microgenetic study following babies from their first attempts until skill mastery, the infants

Most newborns show greater activation in the left hemisphere while

Color vision is adultlike by

Which of the following motor skills is believed to play the greatest role in infant cognitive development?

Which of the following is an activity associated with experience-dependent brain growth?

At birth, the human brain is set up to be

Between 3 and 4 months, babies can

The newborn's capacity to imitate

Researchers using Gibson and Walk's visual cliff found that

___ preference assesses infants' _.

Research reveals that

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services advises

In a dimly lit room, Baby Ursula actively works to bring her hands into her field of vision. She makes poorly coordinated swipes toward objects in front of her. Ursula is demonstrating

Research indicates that probably strengthens certain neural connections, especially those involved in vision and .

A study of children who had spent their first eight months or more in Romanian institutions before being adopted into Canadian homes found that

Which picture is newborn Rori most likely to prefer?

History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development in Early Childhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Physical Development in Adolescence

Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence

Emerging Adulthood

Filters

Exam 5: Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cross-cultural research shows that cosleeping

What is lateralization of the brain, and why does it occur?

Throughout childhood, girls

In a highly plastic cerebral cortex,

In James Galloway and Esther Thelen's microgenetic study following babies from their first attempts until skill mastery, the infants

Most newborns show greater activation in the left hemisphere while

Color vision is adultlike by

Which of the following motor skills is believed to play the greatest role in infant cognitive development?

Which of the following is an activity associated with experience-dependent brain growth?

At birth, the human brain is set up to be

Between 3 and 4 months, babies can

The newborn's capacity to imitate

Researchers using Gibson and Walk's visual cliff found that

_________ preference assesses infants' _______.

Research reveals that

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services advises

In a dimly lit room, Baby Ursula actively works to bring her hands into her field of vision. She makes poorly coordinated swipes toward objects in front of her. Ursula is demonstrating

Research indicates that ________ probably strengthens certain neural connections, especially those involved in vision and ________.

A study of children who had spent their first eight months or more in Romanian institutions before being adopted into Canadian homes found that

Which picture is newborn Rori most likely to prefer?

History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development in Early Childhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Physical Development in Adolescence

Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence

Emerging Adulthood

Filters

___ preference assesses infants' _.

Research indicates that probably strengthens certain neural connections, especially those involved in vision and .