Exam 8: Global Stratification.

The term __________ refers to material well-being that can be measured by the quality of goods and services that may be purchased by the per capita national income.

About one-half of the world's population lives in the ninety-three high-income economies, where most people engage in agricultural pursuits, reside in nonurban areas, and are impoverished.

After __________, the terms "First World," "Second World," and "Third World" were introduced by social analysts.

Identify and explain the use of the Gini coefficient and global quality of life issues.

In relation to measuring global wealth and poverty, distinguish among absolute, relative, and subjective poverty.

Some analysts in developed nations have begun to link growing social and economic inequality on a global basis to relatively high rates of __________ taking place in the underdeveloped nations.

Using the gross domestic product (GDP) as a measure of economic growth, a recent World Bank report concluded that nations such as _________ were well on their way to becoming economic powerhouses in the next twenty-five years.

Summarize sociologist Immanuel Wallerstein's world systems theory of global inequality.

Describe how global wealth and poverty are measured.

According to Walt Rostow, economic advisor to U.S. President Kennedy, all countries go through four stages of economic development. The first stage is the __________, in which very little social change takes place, and people do not identify a need to change their current circumstances.

Buyer-driven commodity chains is the term used to describe industries in which transnational corporations play a central part in controlling the production process. Industries that produce automobiles, computers, and other capital- and technology-intensive products are examples.

Ideas regarding underdevelopment were popularized by __________ in his 1949 inaugural address. He stated that nations in the Southern Hemisphere were "underdeveloped areas" because of their low gross national product.

What is the major distinctive characteristic of using the gross domestic product (GDP) versus the gross national index (GNI) as a measure of economic growth?

One problem encountered by social scientists studying __________ and social and economic inequality is what terminology should be used to refer to the distribution of resources in various nations.

According to the United Nations, women constitute about 40 percent of those who are illiterate. Literacy is crucial for women because it has been closely linked to increases in fertility, improved child health, and decreased earnings potential.

Approximately ____ percent of the world's illiterate population age 15 and older live in South Asia.

According to the __________, human development is the process of "expanding choices that people have in life, to lead a life to its full potential and indignity, through expanding capabilities and through people taking action themselves to improve their lives."

Discuss problems in studying global inequality.

Summarize global inequality in relation to the world systems theory.

According to sociologist Immanuel Wallerstein's world systems theory, the capitalist world economy is a global system divided into a hierarchy of three major types of nations in which upward or downward mobility is conditioned by the resources and obstacles that characterize the international system.