Exam 8: Global Stratification.

Describe the "three worlds" approach that is used to classify nations of the world.

In 1960, the highest income 20 percent of the world's population received $30 for each dollar received by the lowest-income 20 percent. By 2000, the difference had increased from $___ to $1.

About _________ of the world's population resides in the ninety-three nations with middle-income economies.

The most widely known development theory is __________, which is a perspective that links global inequality to different levels of economic development and suggests that low-income economies can move to middle- and high-income economies by achieving self-sustained economic growth.

The only significant group of middle-and lower-income economies to close the gap with the high-income economies over the past few decades has been the nations of __________.

The adult literacy rate in the low-income countries is about half that of the high-income countries. __________ constitute about two-thirds of those who are illiterate in the low-income countries.

Among those most affected by poverty in low-income economies are __________.

According to __________, the low-income, less-developed nations can improve their standard of living only with a period of intensive economic growth and accompanying changes in people's beliefs, values, and attitudes toward work.

Explain global inequality in relation to the dependency theory.

According to economic advisor Walt Rostow, all countries go through four stages of economic development. Which of the following represents the correct sequence of economic development stages?

__________ is based on a market-oriented perspective which assumes that "pure" capitalism is good and that the best economic outcomes occur when governments follow the policy of laissez-faire (hands-off) business, giving capitalists the opportunity to make the "best" economic decisions.

There are approximately __________ literate women for every 100 literate men. Literacy is crucial for women because it has been closely linked to decreases in childbirth, improved child health, and increased earnings potential.

The international poverty line is

Which statement concerning south to south migrants is false?

Summarize wealth and poverty from a global perspective.

According to some social scientists, global wealth and poverty are linked to the level of __________ and economic development in a given society. It almost inevitably brings with it a higher standard of living in a nation and some degree of social mobility for individual participants in the society.

A condition in which people do not have the means to secure the most basic necessities of life is called __________.

In 1960, the wealthiest 20 percent of the world population had more than 30 times the income of the poorest 20 percent of the world population. By 2000, the wealthiest 20 percent of the world population had almost __________ the income of the poorest 20 percent of the world population.

According to sociologist Immanuel Wallerstein, the _________ theory suggests that what exists under capitalism is a truly global system that is held together by economic ties.

The World Bank calculates that __________ of the population in low- and middle-income countries lack the essentials of well-being.